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27.10.2022 06:31

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BRITAIN, THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND
The United Kingdom (or Great Britain) is situated on the British Isles. The British Isles consist of two large islands, Great Britain and Ireland, and about five thousand small islands. Their total area is over .'44 000 square kilometres.

The United Kingdom (UK) is made up of four countries: England, Wales, Scotland (on the island of Great Britain) and Northern Ireland (on the island of Ireland). Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh ;ind Belfast respectively. The capital of the UK is London.

Britain has been many centuries in the marking. The Romans conguered most of Britain, but were unable to subdue the fiercely independent tribes in the west and for north. Further waves of invaders followed: Angles, Saxons, Jutes, Vikings, and Normans. All these contributed to the mixture we call English. Fof many centuries this country was known simply as England. To the west and north, Wales and Scotland fought for their independence so passionately that it took hundreds of years to bring them under English domination.

Since the eighteenth century Britain has included England, Wales and Scotland. Further west was England's oldest colony, Ireland. I he Irish won independence for the greater part of their country in 1921, but Northern Ireland was divided from the rest and retained as part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The mixture of peoples in Britain must not be overlooked. It is as inaccurate to refer to the British as English as it was to refer to a citizen of the former Soviet Union as a Russian. But this mistake is made all over the world and we have to accept the fact that when most other people talk about the English or the Russians they really mean British or citizens of the former Soviet Union.

The British Isles are separated from the European continent by і he North Sea and the English Channel. The western coast of Great lhitain is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the Irish Sea.

The surface of the British Isles varies very much. The north of Scotland is mountainous and is called the Highlands, while the south, which has beautiful valleys and plains, is called the Lowlands. The north and west of England are mountainous, but all the rest — east, centre, and south-east — is a vast plain. Mountains are not very high. Men Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain (1343 m).

There are a lot of rivers in Great Britain, but they are not very long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest one.

The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of Gulf Stream influence on the climate of the British Isles. It is mild the whole year round.

The UK is one of the world's smallest countries. Its population is over 57 million. About 80% of the population is urban.

The UK is a highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world's largest producers and exporters of machinery, electronics, textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

The UK is a constitutional monarchy. In law, Head of the State is Queen. In practice, Queen reigns, but does not rule. The country is ruled by the elected government with the Prime Minister at the head. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons.

There are three main political parties in Great Britain: the Labour, the Conservative and the Liberal parties.

1. The UK is an island state, isn't it? Where is it situated?

2. What countries is the UK made up of? What are their capitals?

3. What channel separates the British Isles from the European continent?

4. The surface of the British Isles varies very much, doesn't it?

5. How is the north of Scotland called? How is the south of Scotland called?

6. What's the highest mountain in Scotland?

7. Are there a lot of long and deep rivers in Great Britain ?

8. Why is the climate of the British Isles mild?

9. Is the UK a large country?

10. What's the UK's population?

11. The UK is a highly developed industrial country. What does it produce and export?

12. The UK is a constitutional monarchy. What does it mean ?