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13.07.2021 01:04

Английский язык

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WE STUDY ANATOMY
In the practical Anatomy class we study the human body.
The principal parts of the human body are the head, the trunk and the limbs (extremities). We speak of the upper extremities (arms) and the lower extremities (legs).
The head consists of two parts: the skull which contains the brain, and the face that consists of the forehead, the eyes, the nose, the mouth with the lips, the cheeks, the ears, and the chin. The upper border of the head is the forehead, the lower is the chin. The skull consists of the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital bones. The cavities within the skull are the nasal, the oral, two orbits, auditory canal and the largest cranial cavity containing the brain. The head is covered with hair.
The ear includes three principal parts: the external ear, the middle ear, and the internal ear. The external part is an earlobe. The internal parts of the ear are anvil, semicircular canal, stirrup, cochlea, Eustachian tube, hammer, auditory nerve and external auditory canal.
The eye consists of the sclera, a tough outer layer, cornea, the crystal-clear curved part, the iris, colored part behind the cornea, the pupil, round opening in the iris which allows light to enter. The external parts are lashes, lids, eye-brows.
The mouth has two lips; an upper lip and a lower lip. In the mouth there are jaws, gums with teeth, a tongue and a hard and a soft palate.
The head is connected with the trunk by the neck. The upper part of the trunk is the chest and the lower part is the abdomen. The principal organs in the chest are the lungs, the heart, and the gullet (esophagus). We breathe with the lungs. The heart contracts and makes about 60-80 beats per minute.
The principal organs in the abdominal cavity are the stomach, the liver, the spleen, the intestines, the kidneys, the gallbladder and the bladder.
The framework of bones called the skeleton supports the soft parts and protects the organs from injury. The bones are covered with muscles.
The upper extremity is connected with the chest by the shoulder or shoulder girdle. Muscles of the trunk are fixed to the clavicles, the scapula, ribs. Each arm consists of the upper arm, the forearm, the elbow, the wrist, and the hand. We have four fingers and a thumb on each hand.
The lower extremity (the leg) consists of the hip (the thigh), the knee, the calf, the shin or cusp, the ankle and the foot. The foot consists of the sole, the heel, five toes.
The body is covered with the skin.