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10.02.2023 02:28

Английский язык

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Найдите 12 слов в кроссворде из текста. THE INVENTION OF THE ELECTRIC BATTERY.
in the 18 th century Luigi Galvani, an Italian scientist while experimenting with an electric
machine, found that the legs of a dead frog were set to work by "an electric shock".
He determined to see if lightning would have the same effect on a frog's muscles; but while he
was fixing the frog by a copper skewer to the iron railing of his balcony, he observed the
twitching again the moment the copper touched the iron, Galvani declared that electricity existed
in the tissues of the frog and called it "animal electricity".
Thus Galvani made a great discovery. Yet his explanation of the produced effect was not
exact. He thought that the electricity that caused this movement came from the nerves and
muscles of the dead frog.
Alessandro Volta gave his own explanation of this phenomenon. He argued that it was
produced by the contact of two different metals, and he proved that he was right. He placed a
disk of copper on the table, and on top of that he placed a piece of cloth which had been soaked
in the solution of sulphuric acid and water. On the piece of cloth he placed a disk of zinc. Next
he added copper, cloth and zinc again, and so on, in that order, until he had built up a pile. It was
a pile of pairs of zinc and copper disks, each pair having a moist piece of cloth between. Then he
fastened a wire to the zinc disk at the top of the pile, and a second wire to the copper disk at the
bottom of the pile.
Volta put the free ends of the two wires together, then separated them. As they were drawn
apart, the electric current which had been set up in the pile caused a spark at the ends of the
wires. Thus in 1800 was born the idea that chemical action can produce electricity and a device
for converting chemical energy into electrical energy was invented.
The described battery now is called a Voltaic pile. Each of the pair of zinc and copper with a
moist piece of cloth is known as a Voltaic cell.