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25.10.2021 15:25

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Перевод MICHAEL FARADAY
One of the great names in the history of man’s work in electricity is that of Michael
Faraday. He was born in a small village near London on September 22, 1791 in a poor
family. His father, a blacksmith, could feed his family with difficulty, and could not even
dream of an education for his boy.
As a boy Michael did not have much schooling. He had to work, and he had to learn a
trade. So in 1804, when he was thirteen, he went to work in a bookbinder’s shop.
He lived among books. Some of the scientific works which passed through his hands
aroused his interest in science and he started to read. The boy could not read every
book in the shop because he was busy and had not much time. He began to take home
the books which he liked best.
Once he read across an article on electricity. When Faraday began to read it he knew
nothing of the subject, but it struck his imagination. Soon his chief interest was in science, and especially in electricity and chemistry. He read as much as he could on these
subjects. He made careful notes from the books that interested him most.
To learn a science well it is necessary not only to read, but to experiment as well. Like
all true scientists, Faraday wanted to make experiments. He had very little money, but
he saved his few pennies and bought a cheap and simple apparatus and some
materials. The more he studied, the more interested he became. Lectures on scientific
subjects were at that time being given in London. Faraday wanted to go to these
lectures, but he had to pay a shilling for this and at first he could not go. He told his
brother about his difficulty. Although his brother was a working man in London and not
at all rich himself he gave Michael the shilling.
For more than five years he studied electricity and various sciences, and then he
himself began to teach. Faraday’s scientific interests were varied. He made a new kind
of steel and a new kind of glass. He studied flying. He did many kinds of work, and he
did most of it alone. He was of those people who liked to do everything themselves.
Faraday had not much time for pleasure. He drew and sang, and he took his wife to the
river sometimes. But he often worked fourteen hours a day. He began to get work from
other people who had heard of his cleverness as a scientist. Men who wanted to know
the answers to scientific questions asked him to make experiments to find out the truth.
Because of this work he could not do his own research in electricity. Time was his
enemy, as it is the enemy of many hard-working men. He always had something to do
for other people, and his own research progressed slowly. However, when he found that
such work took too much of his time, he decided to give all his attention to scientific
research.
During his lifetime, Faraday made more than two thousand difficult experiments and
made countless valuable discoveries in chemistry and physics. The generation of
electricity from magnetism is one of them.
This was the beginning of all the great machines that make our electricity today. They
light and heat our houses; they make our radio-sets work; they give the necessary
power to drive our electric trains. It was a way of changing one form of power (perhaps
from coal or from a waterfall) into another. It was the beginning of the electrical age,
which has changed the face of the earth.