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03.01.2020 00:47

Английский язык

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Проверьте правильность перевода с русского на английский. Languages of the United States of America
In America, there are many languages with different degrees of distribution and different status. The US population currently stands at over 300 million (excluding the significant number of illegal immigrants). The dominant language in the country, due to its British colonial past, is English, brought by colonizers and early settlers from the British Isles. English is the native language of about 82 % of the US population, and 97 % speak it to varying degrees. However, the country does not have an official language at the federal level, although, due to the increasing role of Spanish (for example, on television) and the rather limited assimilation of migrants from Asia and Latin America, many states have declared English the official language at the local level. However, a number of languages (Spanish, French, and Hawaiian) are recognized as official in a number of states and territories. Also, a significant number of immigrants (mostly of the XX—XXI centuries) continue to preserve languages and even expand their influence in enclaves, ethnic neighborhoods, on television, etc.
The official language of education and office work is de facto (and in some states, de jure) English. At the local level, French is the official language, along with English, in Louisiana, Hawaiian in Hawaii, and Spanish on the island of Puerto Rico and in the state of New Mexico. With the exception of Hawaiian-an autochthonous language-French and Spanish-the languages of the colonizers, who once mastered the territory of the modern United States, but lost in the struggle to the British. In the earlier period, the official language in the territory of the modern United States was Russian in Alaska, Dutch in the state of New York.
There are many more native languages than official ones, due to the large diversity of migrants in the United States. But here, too, there is a significant shift, both quantitative and qualitative. At first, the Native American languages gave way to Spanish, French, and English. Then, the Anglophones launched a fight against French and Spanish. Soon, in the 19th century, the presence of languages of recent immigrants from Europe increased-especially noticeable were German, used in primary and secondary school education (7 % of students before the First World War), Swedish, later — Italian, Polish, and many other European languages. Most of them, however, disappeared in the second generation, as in the conditions of poor communication, lack of television, radio, etc. in their native language, the children of immigrants quickly assimilated, which is not the case with recent migrants who arrived in America since the late 1950s.
The most notable is the presence of Spanish in the United States. This is due to the entry into the United States in the 1840s of territories with a Spanish-speaking population-this is the entire southwest of the modern United States (the former territory of Mexico), the proximity of Mexico — the largest Spanish-speaking country in the world and the main supplier of migrants (especially illegal ones), and other Latin American countries, the associated position of Puerto Rico, where Spanish is the native language of the majority of the population. Spanish is considered the native language of more than 40 million people. Some US cities — especially Miami-are almost entirely Spanish-speaking. Spanish is widely spoken in California, Texas, Arizona, and all major cities. A large number of radio stations and channels broadcast in Spanish.
Chinese (or rather, its numerous dialects, of which Cantonese is in the first place) is the third most common language. French is in fourth place, it is still widely used on the labels of goods in supermarkets, along with Spanish, and is the official language in neighboring Canada. The presence of Arabic has also increased significantly (most gas stations and small shops are owned by Arabs, as well as people from India and Pakistan) Thai, Vietnamese, Portuguese (in Florida and Massachusetts), and the French-Creole language of immigrants from Haiti became more prominent. Native speakers of most European languages, previously widely represented, for example, German, Swedish, Italian, Greek, Polish, on the contrary, due to assimilation, have long lost their positions and have practically fallen out of use even at the household level.