I-variant Reading
Task 1. Read the text and circle True (T) or False (F) for the statements 1-5.

Hallowe’en
Hallowe'en is a popular festival in many countries all over the world, and every year it seems to get bigger. Find out some more about the traditional festival of Hallowe'en.
The origins of the name
The festival of Hallowe'en has its (0) roots in Celtic and Roman traditions. Over 2,000 years ago the Celts in Britain, Ireland and parts of France celebrated Samhain to (1) mark the beginning of winter. When the Romans invaded, they merged this with Feralia, their celebration of the passing of the dead. As Christianity spread, the Church tried to replace these pagan feasts with official Church holy days. One of these was November 1. It was called All Saints Day, or "All Hallows", and October 31 was known as "All Hallows' Eve", and then Hallowe'en.
Hallowe'en traditions
In the past there was a tradition called "souling". Poor people went around houses asking for food. In exchange, they promised to say prayers for the dead. People no longer go souling, but the habit has been transformed into a modern Hallowe'en game for children in America, who dress up as ghosts, witches and monsters and go around people's houses, asking for sweets. This game is called ‘Trick or Treat’.
Witches
Hallowe'en wouldn't be fun without witches. Witches have always been part of popular folklore. Shakespeare's (2) play "Macbeth" opens with three witches. A witch was someone -usually a woman - who had special powers and had dealings with the devil. The American town,Salem, in the state of Massachusetts, is famous for the "witchcraft trials", which took place there in 1692.
Pumpkins
The pumpkin is a symbol of Hallowe'en. People empty a pumpkin, cut a face into the side, and put a candle inside. It's known as a Jack O' Lantern, from an Irish legend about a man called Jack, who made a deal with the devil.

1. Lots of people like Hallowe'en.
2. The Christian Church took over the older pagan festivals.
3. Only poor people play 'Trick or Treat'.
4. Witches are modern characters.
5. Jack O'Lantern was another name for the devil.

Task 2. Use of English.Please put the sentences into passive voice.
1.J.k. Rowling writes the seven Harry Potter books.

2.The Wright brothers built the first airplane.

3. I drew some paintings last week.

4. My uncle didn’t sell the bicycle.

5. The child broke all the plates in the restaurant.

6. She didn’t find her keys.

7. My grandpa built this house 40 years ago.

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knyazik2003

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1. does the phrase "mass media" refer to the internet, television, newspapers and radio?

2. what are the two types of mass media?

3. when did the first mass media appear?

4. where was the first newspaper published?

5. was the printing press invented in the 11th or 15th century?

6. the phrase "the media" began to be used in the 1920s, didn't it?

7. what types of mass media existed at the beginning of the 20th century?

8. when did the radio become the dominant form of media?

9. who invented the television?

10. has the internet become the latest and most dominant of all the mass media?

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