A) Read the theory box. Then, complete the spidergram in your notebook.
.
Fairy tales are stories that are passed down over
the generations which usually have a moral or a
lesson to learn. Although they differ from place to
place, they have many similar features all over the
world:
• They usually start with "Once upon a time..." or a
similar phrase.
They are set a long time ago.
There is a battle between good and evil.
• There are royal or magical characters eg. kings,
princes, khans, giants and witches
• There is a problem that needs to be solved e.g.
The evil witch captured the princess.
• There is a happy ending eg. The dragon is killed
and they live happily ever after.
royal/magical
character(s)
life lesson(s)/
moral value(s)
Er-Tostik
battle between
good and evil
happy
ending
b
61.72 6551 -
to yom​

Er-Tostik is a Kazakh fairy tale. The fairy tale itself is very interesting, because it has a small part of fiction. For example, about three giants, etc. The tale begins with the words "Once upon a time", has a good ending, a plot, and a struggle between good and evil. I strongly advise you to read this tale, you will like it.

Перевод Ер-Тостик- это казахская сказка. Сама сказка очень интересна, ведь она имеет малую часть фантастики. Например о трёх великанах и т.д. Сказка начинается со слов "Давным-давно", имеет хорошую концовку, сюжет, и борьбу между добром и злом. Я вам очень советую прочитать эту сказку, она вам понравится.

Christmas in Australia

Most Australians have been dreaming of a white Christmas for centuries. But the traditional European Christmas is just a myth for Australians. Santas wearing thick woollen clothes don't fit with Australia's thirty-degree heat. Thankfully things are changing fast. Now they have their own Christmas, Australian style.

Australia is a country which is largely made up of desert and sandy beaches. For the first settlers, two hundred years ago, a plate of corned meat and a mug of billy tea might have been the best Christmas dinner available. As a new nation developed and grew richer, people tried to recreate the kind of Christmas that they used to have in Europe.

Christmas in Australia happens in the summer. However, we tried our best to deny the reality of a summer Christmas. In the class-room, children learned songs like Frosty the Snowman and Jingle Bells. Up until recently, the only Christmas cards published portrayed white winter Christmases, All this was a bit ridiculous in a country where 80 per cent of the land has never witnessed a snowflake, even in winter.

However, the last ten years have witnessed some big changes in the Australian lifestyle. Many Australians now believe that the country should break its connections with Britain and the British Queen.

Now Australians see themselves as inhabitants of the Asia Pacific region. So now Christmas has got an Australian identity.

It's rare to find a flake of snow on Christmas cards these days. Now the publishers print Christmas cards with native Australian animals and landscape scenes of the Australian bush.

On Christmas day you'll find a large percentage of kids on the beach playing with their new surfboards, building sand-castles rather than snowmen. Indeed one of the most typical Australian Christmas presents is a beach towel.

It's not only with food and gifts that Australian Christmases differ from European ones. Because of the weather, the atmosphere of Christmas is different.

Instead of being a serious time where most families are indoors, Australians are usually outdoors in shorts and T-shirts, taking a cold six-pack of beer to a friend's barbecue. There are loads of summer festivals with people celebrating Christmas in carnival style.

What is unique though is something that most Australians are starting to dream of. That is a Christmas of sunshine, surf and sand. Although to many Europeans this may seem strange, to many Australians it's now the only Christmas worth dreaming of.