The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is situated on the British Isles. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Irelandis made up of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Their total area is over 244,000 square kilometers, it takes the 75th place among other counties in the world. The United Kingdom is made up of four parts: England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Their capitals are London, Cardiff, Edinburgh and Belfast. The capital of the UK is London. England, Wales and Scotland occupy the territory of Great Britain. Northern Ireland is situated in the northern part of Ireland.

Elizabeth II is the head of the UK as well as monarch of fifteen other independent Commonwealth countries. The British Parliament consists of two chambers: the House of Lords and the House of Commons. It sits in the house of Parliament in Westminster.The official language is English and other languages. The UK flag is called the Union Flag or the Union Jackis made up of three crosses.The flag represents three kingdoms: England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.

The population is 60 million. About 80% of the population is urban. Great Britain is separated from the continent by the English Channel (La-Mansh). The country is also washed by the North Sea, the Irish Sea and the Atlantic Ocean. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain, but it is only 1343 meters high. The rivers are not long. The Severn is the longest river, while the Thames is the deepest and the most important one. The mountains, the Atlantic Ocean and the warm waters of the Gulf Stream influence the climate of Great Britain. It is mild the whole year round.

The mild climate of Great Britain is good for plants and flowers. Some of them have become symbols in the U.K. The red rose is the national emblem of England, the thistle is the national emblem of Scotland and the Edinburgh International festival. The daffodils and theleek are the emblems of Wales, the shamrock(a kind of clever) is the emblem of Ireland.

The national musical instruments of the Scots is bagpipe.

Great Britain is highly developed industrial country. It is known as one of the world’s largest producers and exporters of iron and steel products, machinery and electronics, chemicals and textile, aircraft and navigation equipment. One of the chief industries of the country is shipbuilding.

Great Britain is a country with old cultural traditions and customs. The most famous educational centers are Oxford and Cambridge universities. They are considered to be the educational centers of Europe. The education is not free, it is very expensive.

Exercise 5. After reading the text, fulfill the table:

1)I know. 2)I’d like to know 3)I have known

121

306

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