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23.07.2020 18:51

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Сделать правильный перевод текста DISEASES OF THE MOUTH

The mouth, in which the preliminary process of digestion begins, has a number of functions to perform. A disturbance of any of these functions indicates the presence of disease in the mouth or at some distance, as in the stomach, and bowels. In the mouth the starchy portions of the diet are given their first digestion. The absence of a number of teeth or the presence of bad teeth may disturb the preparation of food affecting the process of digestion in the mouth as well as in the stomach.

One of the commonest mouth diseases is periodontitis. This disease occurs usually during middle or late life. In some cases it may result from infection due to lowered resistance within the teeth and gums. The teeth may loosen and separate, the gums becoming inflamed. Stomatitis refers to a condition characterized by inflammation of the oral cavity.

Stomatitis is an inflammation of the soft tissues of the mouth occurring as a result of mechanical, chemical, thermal, bacterial, viral, electrical, or radiation injury or reactions to allergens or as secondary manifestations of systemic disease. There are various types of this disease such as catarrhal stomatitis, chronic stomatitis, simple stomatitis, chemical stomatitis and so on. In stomatitis infection and inflammation of the mucous membrane of the oral cavity may involve the gingiva, the palate, the tongue, the cheeks and the lips.

The lesion may be of local origin or it may be a symptomatic expression of general disease.

Simple Stomatitis. The mucous membrane of the oral cavity being inflamed, it becomes sensitive and red. Often the tongue and pharynx are involved. The temperature may rise very high, especially in children.

Mastication is often interfered, the breath being fetid. It may be due to catarrh of the upper air passages or digestive disturbances.

Idiosyncrasy to certain drugs may produce stomatitis, especially antipyrin, aspirin.

Chemical Stomatitis. Under the term «chemical stomatitis* certain industrial diseases come, such as phosphorous and lead poisoning.

The phosphorous stomatitis starts with a painful inflammation of the soft tissues and later causes necrosis of the jaws.

In lead poisoning the gums look rather anaemic, the gingiva showing the typical narrow band of dark blue colour.

Acute Herpetic Stomatitis is the manifestations of clinically apparent primary herpes simplex characterized by regional lymphadenopathy, sore throat, and high temperature, followed by localized itching and burning, with the formation of small vesicles of an erythematous base that give way to plaques and then painful herpetic ulcers. The gingivae are swollen and erythematous, and they bleed easily. Manifestations subside in 7 to 10 days, and recovery usually occurs within 2 weeks.

Aphtous Stomatitis refers to recurrent ulcers of the mouth that appear to be the same clinically as herpetic ulcers and for that reason have been considered to be a manifestation of recurrent herpes simplex, although the herpesvirus has never been conclusively isolated from recurrent aphthae.

Gangrenous Stomatitis is a destruction of large masses of the oral tissues, particularly the cheek. It usually is found in weakened patients with very low resistance to infection because of lowered white blood cell count or other causes. In advanced stages a large segment of the cheek may be lost, leaving the teeth visible through the defect.

Herpetic Stomatitis is an oral manifestation of primary herpes simplex infection. The term also is used by some for herpetiform ulcers considered to be oral manifestations of secondary or recurrent herpes simplex.

Medicamentosa Stomatitis is an allergic response of the oral mucosa to a systemically administered drug. Possible manifestations include asthma, skin rashes, leukopenia lymphadenopathy, and oral lesions (erythema, ulcerative lesions and angioneurotic edema).

Nicotinic Stomatitis is an inflammation of the palatal minor salivary ducts caused by irritation by tobacco smoke or hot fluids and characterized by raised small palatal lesions with red centers and white borders. The palatal mucosa usually has a generalized keratosis accompanying the smaller lesions. Also called stomatitis nicotina.

Stomatitis Venenata is an inflammation of the oral mucosa as the result of contact allergy. The most common causative agents are mouthwashes, denture powders, and topical anesthetics. Possible manifestations include erythema, angioneurotic edema, burning sensations, ulcerations, and vesicles.

Every dentist should be familiar with various types of stomatitis and recognize them clinically.