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Cook, james (1728-1779), english navigator, head three round-the-world expeditions. born on 27 october 1728 in the village of marton (yorkshire). ninth child in the family of a day laborer on the farm. at 13 he entered the service of the merchant haberdashery. at age 18 he left home and found work as a cabin boy on a ship to transport coal. during this period, cook seriously engaged in self-education, buy books, spending almost all of my salary. in 1755, during the war with france, he was taken by a sailor on a warship. cook has proven himself as a talented cartographer: drawn them a map of the st. lawrence river in canada allowed the british to successfully attack the city of quebec. and cook made subsequently maps the coast of the labrador peninsula enjoyed even in the beginning of xx century in 1768 cook forty made, and in the same year he was entrusted to lead the expedition to the southern hemisphere. the voyage lasted almost three years, from august 1768 to june 1771, after rounding cape horn, june 3, 1769 cook reached tahiti, where the researchers were going to conduct astronomical observations. however, the required equipment had been stolen by the natives. the ship moved further south and in the autumn of 1769, came to new zealand. it turned out that it's not a cape south of the continent, as was considered earlier, and the two islands. since the passage between them is called the cook strait. then navigators explored the east coast of australia and claimed the rights of england to the territory. in addition, opened the great barrier reef. the second expedition (july 13, 1772 - july 29, 1775) ships are unable to break through the ice to the southern mainland. cook explored the ice-edge and drew up detailed maps. the mariners
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