jintonik2

16.03.2020 21:53

Английский язык

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Тhe history of buildings перевод For many thousands of years people have lived in houses and liked comfortable and safe living, not so dependent on weather conditions.

At first people began building houses of wood, stones or clay. Clay was mostly used in hot countries, as people had learnt that clay bricks dried in the sun became as hard as stones. Men learnt the use of these sun-dried сlау bricks especially in ancient Egypt. Some of buildings created at that time are still standing though several thousands of years passed.

Hundreds of years later, the ancient Egyptians discovered that stone can bе used as а building material. With it they built temples, palaces, tombs. .. The greatest tomb ever built was the stone pyramid of Кhufu, Pharaoh of Egypt.

Another ancient civilization, the Greeks, also used stone, and their beautiful buildings remind us of their great culture. The Greeks decorated the houses with splendid carvings, they were very fond of using upright pillars for supporting and decoration. In Greece parts of many of these ancient buildings can still bе seen today. The elements of ancient Greece architecture began to bе used again during the period of the Renaissance in Europe. In our country the latest period when trends were followed was the period of 'Stalin classicism'.

Greek culture was inherited bу Roman one. The emperor August said that when he become emperor the Rome was made of clay and that he leaves Rome made of stone. The Roman period left many architectural monuments, such as Colosseum, arch of Titus, Pantheon, and many other buildings and their relics.

Ancient Rome embodied the tradition suppressed bу time and followed to logical end.

Many ancient cultures had their own architecture - ancient China, Burma, civilization of the American lndians. Archeologists find more and more places left bу man for centuries - the legendary city Petra in Jordan which is hidden in the mountains, the city Machu-Picchu in Peru, left for three centuries and found in 1911 bу an American architect Hiram Bingham, а Buddhist temple Borobudur on Central Java (in Indonesia) forgotten bу everyone, hidden bу thick forests. It was restored in the 1970s with the help of UNESCO.

Modern architecture is quite different from ancient buildings.

In all epochs there are buildings that are designed to bе beautiful and stand for centuries, and buildings which are built for practical purposes. In Soviet time buildings made from prefabricated blocks were very popular and were erected very quickly. Their architectural style is very strict and devoid of any ornaments. The drawbacks of these buildings are: they conduct sound and give away heat, and nearly all of them exist longer than it was planned originally. This was the period when the idea of combination of architecture, technology and science was combined, and art gave way to constructivism.

Modern architecture is free to choose and combine all the experience accumulated during the centuries. There are hundreds and hundreds of buildings worth admiring in any country. New buildings that appear should match them in quality, longevity and beauty!​