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20.12.2021 14:50

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ПЕРЕВЕДИТЕ ТЕКСТ. ОН С ЮРИДИЧЕСКИМИ ТЕРМИНАМИ Barristers

In England and Wales, a barrister is a member of one of the INNS OF COURT (= the four law societies in London to which lawyers are members); he or she has passed examinations and spent one year in __PUPILLAGE (= training) before being CALLED TO THE BAR (= being fully accepted to practise law). Barristers have the RIGHT OF AUDIENCE in all courts in England and Wales: in other words, they have the right to speak, but they do not have that right EXCLUSIVELY.

Magistrates

Magistrates usually work in MAGISTRATES COURTS. These courts hear cases of petty crime, ___ADOPTION, AFFILIATION, maintenance and violence in the home. The court can ___COMMIT someone for TRIAL or for SENTENCE in a ___CROWN COURT. There are two main types of magistrates: ___STIPENDIARY magistrates (qualified lawyers who usually sit alone); LAY magistrates (unqualified, who sit as a BENCH of three and can only sit if there is a justices' CLERK___ present to advise them).

Judges

In England, judges are APPOINTED by the Lord Chancellor. The minimum requirement is that one should be a barrister or SOLICITOR of ten years' standing. The majority of judges are barristers, but they cannot PRACTICE as barristers. RECORDERS are practising barristers who act as judges on a part-time basis. The appointment of judges is not a POLITICAL appointment, and judges remain in office unless they are found guilty of gross MISCONDUCT. Judges cannot be Members of ___PARLIAMENT.

The jury

Juries are used in CRIMINAL cases, and in some civil actions, notably actions for LIBEL. They are also used in some coroner's INQUESTS. The role of the jury is to use common sense to decide if the VERDICT should be for or against the ___ACCUSED. Members of a jury (called ___JURORS) normally have no knowledge of the law and follow the explanations given to them by the judge. Anyone whose name appears on the ELECTORAL REGISTER and who is between the ages of 18 and 70 is ___ELIGIBLE for ___JURY SERVICE. Judges, magistrates, barristers and solicitors are not eligible for jury service, nor are priests, people who are __ON BAIL, and people suffering from mental illness. People who are excused jury service include members of the armed forces, Members of Parliament and doctors. Potential jurors can be __CHALLENGED if one of the parties to the case thinks they are or may be BIASED.