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05.09.2020 22:24

Английский язык

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ответить на вопросы 2, 6 (на 2 вопрос дать определение на английском с текста) I. Read the text

THE NATURE OF ELECTRICITY

Practical electricity is produced by small atomic particles known as elec-

trons. It is the movement of these particles which produce the effects of heat

and light.

The pressure that forces these atomic particles to move, the effects they

encounter opposition and how these forces are controlled are some of the prin-

ciples of electricity.

Accepted atomic theory states that all matter is electrical in structure. Any

object is largely composed of a combination of positive and negative particles

of electricity. Electric current will pass through a wire, a body, or along a

stream of water. It can be established in some substances more readily than in

others, that all matter is composed of electric particles despite some basic dif-

ferences in materials. The science of electricity then must begin with a study of

the structure of matter.

Matter is defined as any substance which has mass (or weight) and occupies

space. This definition should be broad enough to cover all physical objects in the

universe. Wood, water, iron, and paper are some examples of matter. Energy is

closely related to, but not to be confused with, matter. Energy does not have

mass, and it does not occupy space. Heat and light are examples of energy.

The smallest particle of matter which can be recognized as an original

substance was thought to be a unit called the atom. Recently scientists have

found particles even smaller than atoms, but our theories are still based on the

atom. The atom consists of a nucleus and a cloud of electrons. It is generally

agreed that the electrons are small particles of electricity, which are negative in

nature. These particles orbit the nucleus in much the same fashion that planets

orbit a sun.

II. Guess the meaning of the following international words:

Electricity, electron, effect, structure, combination, material, mass, energy,

atom, orbit

VI. Answer the questions:

1) What are the principles of electricity? 2) What must the science of

electricity begin with? 3) Are there any differences between energy and mat-

ter? What are they? 4) What is recognized as an original substance now?