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14.09.2020 22:24

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Television (1920s)

The invention that swept the world and changed leisure habits for countless millions was pioneered by Scottish-born electrical engineer John Logie Baird. It had been realised for some time that light could be converted into electrical impulses, making it possible to transmit such impulses over a distance and then reconvert them into light.

Electricity

The name came from the Greek word for amber and was coined by Elizabeth I's physician William Gilbert who was among those who noticed that amber had the power to attract light objects after being rubbed. In the 19th century such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on electricity.

Photography (early 19th century)

Leonardo da Vinci had described the camera obscura photographic principle as early as 1515. But it was not until 1835 that Frenchman Louis Daguerre produced camera photography. The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures.

Telephone (1876)

Edinburgh-born scientist Alexander Graham Bell patented his invention of the telephone in 1876. The following year, the great American inventor Thomas Edison produced the first working telephone. With telephones soon becoming rapidly available, the days of letter-writing became numbered.

Computer (20th century)

The computer has been another life-transforming invention. British mathematician Charles Babbage designed a form of computer in the mid-1830s, but it was not until more than a century later that theory was put into practice. Now, a whole generation has grown up with calculators, windows, icons, computer games and word processors, and the Internet and e-mail have transformed communication and information.

Aeroplane

The plane was the invention that helped shrink the world and brought distant lands within easy reach of ordinary people. The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.

Choose the right sentence:

1.
In the 19thcentury such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on electricity.
In the 19thcentury such great names as Michael Mason, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did vital work on medicine.
In the 19thcentury such great names as Michael Faraday, Humphry Davy, Alessandro Volta and Andre Marie Ampere all did not do vital work on electricity.

2.
The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures.
The system was gradually refin over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to wade through friends' endless holiday pictures.
The system was gradually refined over the years, to the joy of happy snappers and the despair of those who had to made through friends' endl holiday pictures.

3.
The invention of the petrol engine did not make flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.
The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers made the first flight in 1903.
The invention of the petrol engine made flight feasible and the American Wright brothers make the third flight in 1903.

2

Read these verb forms and identify the tense. You should write ‘Past Perfect’ or ‘Past Perfect Continuous’ for these verb forms.

Example 0. Had worked.

Answer 0. Past Perfect.

1. Had seen —

2. Had been going —

3. Had been selling —

3

Read these words and put them into the correct order. Write full positive sentences or questions. You can have the past perfect or past perfect continuous. Don’t forget about full stops and question marks.

Example 0. to help/ had/ he/ trying/ been?

Answer 0. Had he been trying to help?

1. Mike and Jack/ been/ talking/ to friends/ had?

2. a coat/ had/ Jane/ worn?

3. at the traffic lights/ the driver/ had/ stopped.