III. Найдите английские эквиваленты следующих слов и словосочетаний из текста. Нефтегазовая промышленность; очистительные сооружения для нефти; безопасность поставки нефти и газа; международная измерительная система; сырая нефть; переработка; топливо для электростанций и отопительных систем.
The oil and gas industry employs hundreds of thousands of people worldwide. Many teams have a mixture of nationalities so that English is often the language used, and is often specified for formal communications. Although most of the world has adopted an international measuring system and measures volume in litres, the oil industry often uses the US barrel as a measure even though most oil today is never contained in a barrel. The sector of the oil and gas industry from discovery and drilling to production and refining is known as the upstream sector. Initially, producing countries allowed trading countries (USA, Britain, and Holland) to exploit their oil as a raw material. But they needed to control their own resources commercially and they realized the advantages of processing their crude oil locally to increase the value of the product. They built their own refineries where the crude oil is separated into different forms and converted into different products. The production of oil and gas has become a major element in international relations and politics. A large part of the industry has developed, transporting oil and gas from the producing countries to consumers and this is sometimes referred to as the midstream sector. The processing of oil into different products is known as the downstream sector. The products include the different fuels required for cars, trucks, and airplanes, fuel for power stations and heating, the basic material or feedstock for plastics, fertilizers, pharmaceutical, and the asphalt that covers our roads. Oil and gas are finite resources and because of the increasing scarcity of oil and gas, concern for the environment, and concerns over security of supply, a huge effort is being made to develop alternative sustainable sources of energy, but the skills of the people working in the oil and gas industry across the world will ensure that oil and gas will be available to us for many years to come.
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Ответы на вопрос:
To begin with i*d like to say that every country has its own customs, traditions and holidays. some of the holidays are celebrated all over the world. of course, it*s impossible to enumerate all the holidays. but i*d like to tell you about the most important and traditional in russia. there are two the most popular holidays in russia: new year and christmas. new year holiday is favourite holiday especially with children. the children believe that presents are sent by father frost and snowmaden. we have the new year day on 1 january. before new year we decorate the new year tree with illumination and christmas toys. on the night of 31 december i always stay at home with my parents. at 12 o*clock we say « happy new year ! » and give presents to each other. christmas in russia is celebrated on the 7 of january in the orthogfs church and on the 25 of december by catholics. the holiday is connected with the wonderful birth of jesus christ as it is described in the whole bible. the christmas tree is decorated with christmas toys, candles, apples and sweets. people wish each other « merry christmas! ». easter is a very popular holiday in russia in memory of reserection of jesus christ. easter has no fixed date. it*s the first sunday after the 21 march. the day of sovereignty of russia is celebrated on the 12 of june. we have no special way of celebrating it but it is a day of and a national holiday. the 8 of march is the womens* day. on this day men give women flowers and do all domestic work around the house. the first may is a great international worker holiday. on this day people from other countries show their solidarity. 9 of may is a victory day is a great holiday. the 9 of may was the happy day for the people of russia who won the war over fashizm from 1941-1945. it is celebrated with the veterans of the army. constitutional day is celebrated of the 12 of december. all the rights and duties of the russian people are stated in the constitution. « one of the greatest right is to learn and one of the greatest duties is to defend our countries.
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