America is a nation of risk-takers. Most Americans are descendants (потомок) of immigrants who left the known of the Old World for the unknown of the New. The pioneers who lived on the frontier had a hard life, so they had to be tough and self-reliant.
Frontier men and women were often facing new problems and situations which needed new solutions (решение). Under these circumstances (условия), they soon learned to experiment with new inventions and new ways of doing things. This willingness to experiment and invent led to another American trait, a sense of optimism that every problem has a solution.
The frontiersmen had to overcome (преодолевать
The difficulties of the frontier also shaped the tradition of hospitality: if you didn’t take in the stranger and didn’t take care of him, there was no one else who would.
As the people acquired (овладевать очень найти чувства американцев на английском​

This willingness to experiment and invent led to another American trait, a sense of optimism that every problem has a solution.

1)  две недели назад мы с женой были в опере. опера  нам    понравилась  -  two weeks ago my wife and i were at opera. we liked it very much.

2)  мой  сын  окончил  школу  три  года  назад. -  my son finished school three years ago.

3)  в воскресенье мы не ездили на дачу. мы  навестили  своих  родителей. -  we didn't go to our dacha on  sunday. we visited our parents.

4)  в  каком  году  вы  окончили  институт? -  in what year did you graduate from the institute?

5)  вчера  мы  не  обедали  дома,  мы  ходили  в  ресторан. -  yesterday we didn't have dinner at home, we went to the restaurant.

6)  билл  научился  говорить  по-французски  в  детстве,когда  он  жил  с  родителями  во  франции. -  bill learned to speak french when he was a child and had been living in france  with his parents.

7)  мистер  браун  послушал  новости  и  затем  выключил  радио. -  mister brown listened to the news, and then turned off the radio.

8)  в  прошлом  году  мы  сдавали  экзамены  в  июне. -  last year we took our exams in june.

9)  сколько  вам  понадобилось  времени,  чтобы  закончить  перевод? -  how much time would it take you to finish the translation?

10)  когда он уехал в командировку? -  when did he leave for a business trip?

11) ты был дома в понедельник утром, не так ли? -  you were at home on monday morning, weren't you?

12) ты вчера опоздал на лекцию? - нет, я пришёл вовремя. -  were you late at your lecture yesterday? - no, i came in time. (или no, i was in time.)

13) какой язык ты изучал в школе? - . -  what language did you study at school? - german.

14)  вчера я проснулся в 7 часов. я умылся, позавтракал и пошёл в институт. -  yesterday i woke up at 7 o'clock. i washed myself, had breakfast and went to the institute.

15) николай не был вчера в институте. у него болела голова. -  nick wasn't at the institute yesterday. his had awful headache.

16) почему ты мне не позвонил вчера? - извини, но я вернулся домой поздно. -  why didn't you call me yesterdayt? - sorry, but i came home very late.

17) где он купил словарь? - я не знаю, где он его купил. -  where did he buy a dictionary? - i don't know where he has bought it.

18) в прошлом году я обычно рано вставал. -  i used to get up early last year.

19)  вчера у нас было собрание. мой начальник выступил с докладом. его доклад всем понравился. -  yesterday we had a meeting. my boss had made a report. his report was liked by everybody. (everybody liked his report.)

20) кто тебе перевести статью? - я перевел ее сам.  -  who helped you to translate the article? - i translated it myself. (i have translated it myself.)