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28.02.2022 00:41

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precision pottery weaponry philosophy uniformity patron contribution design standardization artisan implement

1. Paleontologists measure man’s evolution partly through the changes in flint .

2. Many of the standard principles of were known to pre-industrial societies.

3. Much Greek and Roman was made by methods which are recognizable industrial, and which must have involved the intervention of a designer.

4. A more complex example of standardization is Roman of weapons and equipment was essential to Roman military tactics.

5. Among the Greek and Romans, there existed a high degree of .

6. Medieval , like the Roman potters, knew the convenience of the casting process.

7. Eighteenth-century design was in many respects very close to that professed today.

8. Eighteenth-century concern with visual style led to the issue of numerous pattern-books for the guidance of furniture-makers and their .

9. Eighteenth-century designers produced a wide range of instruments for various purposes.

10. And even more profound to modern design philosophy has been made by the peoples of the Far East.

Exercise 4. Decide whether the following statements are True (T) or False (F) according to the text:

1. Many of the standard principles of industrial design were known to pre-industrial societies.

2. Paleontologists measure man’s evolution partly through the changes in flint implements, the earliest of all found in the Olduvai Valley Gorge in Tanzania.

3. Flint tools are roughly made and show little understanding of the nature of the substance from which they are formed.

4. There is a narrow range of tools, but each type is already adapted to do a different job.

5. Standardization was not understood by the civilizations of the Ancient World.

6. The medieval maker was perfectly capable of the kind of structural logic, economy and ingenuity.

7. The tile industry in the Middle Ages was less organized than the potteries.

8. Medieval attitudes towards design were not present in the workshops of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

9. Eighteenth-century designers produced a wide range of precision instruments for various purposes.

10. Many of the leading designers of our own day have drawn inspiration from non-European sources.