с английским
Read the text and do the following exercises. (Прочитайте текст и выполните следующие упражнения)
Reading
Some companies make parts for products that are then put together by other companies. How much communication should there be between the parts manufacturer and the final manufacturer?
Read this article from the Financial Times and answer the questions.
New products for the cyclist
Manufacturers need to keep up to speed, says Peter Marsh
As a keen cyclist, Yoshizo Shimano knows all about the importance of keeping in touch with his company’s products. (3) Mr Shimano is president of Shimano, the world’s biggest maker of bicycle components. Frequently, he borrows a bike from the company’s R&D division to keep (6) in touch with what researchers are up to.
‘We won’t compete with our customers by building complete bikes. But we must keep in mind (8) how our components are going to be used and have a vision of the product that is safe as well as being fun,’ he says.
Mr Shimano’s interest in trying (11) out bicycles containing his company’s components underlines how manufacturers must pay increasing attention to bringing out new products. These (13) must either solve a pressing customer problem or come up with an idea that breaks completely new ground within a few years.
(16) ‘For example, if the cyclist does not have to change gears, he can concentrate on other aspects of controlling the bike which is likely to lead to safer journeys,’ (18) says Mr Shimano.
From the Financial Times

1 True or false?
a) Mr Shimano often cycles.
b) Shimano makes complete bicycles.
c)Shimano pays attention to how its products are used by its customers.
d) To succeed, new products must solve a problem or be based on a completely new idea.
e) Mr Shimano talks about reducing the weight of bicycles.
2 Choose the correct alternative.
a) If you keep in touch with something (lines 1-6), you keep
i) touching it ii) informed about it.
b) If you find out what people are up to (line 6), you find out
i) what they are doing. ii) which floor of a building they are on.
c) If you keep something in mind (line 8), you
i) remember it when thinking about something else.
ii) think about only that thing.
d) If you have a vision of something (line 9), you
i) look at it. ii) think about how it may develop in the future.
b) If you pay attention to something (line 13), you
i) ignore it. ii) think about it.
d) If you concentrate on something (line 17), you
i) think hard about it. ii) think about it a bit.
3 Answer these questions.
Think about a piece of equipment you use. What is the biggest improvement you would like to make to it? Why?

а

а

d

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travelling (5) 

millions of people all over the world spend their holidays travelling. they travel to see other countries and continents, modern cities and the ruins of ancient towns, they travel to enjoy picturesque places, or just for a change of scene. it is always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people, to try different food, to listen to different musical rhythms.

those who live in the country like to go to a big city and spend their time visiting museums and art galleries, looking at shop windows and dining at exotic restaurants. city-dwellers usually like a quiet holiday by the sea or in the mountains, with nothing to do but walk and bathe and lie in the sun.

most travellers and holiday-makers take a camera with them and take pictures of everything that interests them — the sights of a city, old churches and castles, views of mountains, lakes, valleys, plains, waterfalls, forests, different kinds of trees, flowers and plants, animals and birds.

later, perhaps years later, the photos will remind them of the happy time they once had.

people travel by train, by plane, by boat, and by car. all ways of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages. and people choose one according to their plans and destinations.

if we are fond of travelling, we see and learn a lot of things that we can never see or learn at home, though we may read about them in books and newspapers and see pictures of them on tv. the best way to study geography is to travel, and the best way to get to know and understand people is to meet them in their own homes.

путешествие  (5) 

миллионы людей во всем мире проводят свой отпуск, путешествуя. они путешествуют, чтобы увидеть другие страны и континенты, современные города и руины древних городов, они путешествуют, чтобы насладиться живописными местами, или просто для смены обстановки. всегда интересно открыть что-то новое, увидеть другой образ жизни, встретить разных людей, попробовать разную пищу, послушать различные музыкальные ритмы.

тем, кто живет за городом, нравится ездить в большой город и проводить свое время, посещая музеи и художественные галереи, разглядывая витрины и обедая в экзотических ресторанах. городские обитатели обычно любят тихий отдых в горах или у моря, гуляя, купаясь и загорая на солнце.

большинство путешественников и отдыхающих берут с собой фотоаппарат и снимают все, что интересует их — достопримечательности города, старые церкви и замки, виды гор, озер, долин, равнин, водопадов, лесов, различные виды деревьев, цветов и растений, животных и птиц.

позже, возможно несколько лет спустя, фотографии напомнят им о счастливом времени, которое они проводили когда-то.

люди путешествуют поездом, самолетом, на корабле и на машине. у всех способов путешествия есть свои преимущества и недостатки. и люди выбирают вид транспорта согласно своим планам и цели путешествия.

если мы любим путешествовать, мы увидим и узнаем много такого, что мы никогда не сможем увидеть или узнать дома, хотя можно прочитать об этом в книгах и газетах и посмотреть по телевидению. лучший способ изучать — это путешествовать, а лучший способ узнать и понять людей — это познакомиться с ними в их собственных домах.