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01.02.2020 18:53

Английский язык

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Turning to the English courts, one must first distinguish between civil and criminal jurisdiction - some courts have both jurisdictions, some only one.
As for the civil courts, there is a trial court for the whole of England, with an unlimited jurisdiction in all civil cases – the High Court of Justice. It deals with those matters which are connected with property rights, family relations, business etc.
Minor civil cases are tried in the County Courts. They have nothing to do with counties; the name was selected for historical reasons. These courts are of limited jurisdiction.
The Judges of the Civil Courts try cases alone without the jury, because England abolished the jury in civil cases in 1933.
The Crown Court, a court general jurisdiction, and the Magistrates' Courts having only limited jurisdiction are known to be the trial courts for considering criminal cases.
Simple matters are considered by magistrates. The punishment inflicted by them can seldom exceed six months imprisonment and often consists of fines. The Crown Court has jurisdiction in major criminal cases, those punishable by substantial periods of imprisonment. Criminal cases involve a jury trial.
The intermediate appellate tribunal in England is the Court of Appeal. It hears appeals from the High Court and from specialized tribunals. The Criminal Division of the Court of Appeal hears appeals from criminal courts of inferior instance.
The highest court in England is the House of Lords. It hears appeals of exceptional public importance from the Court of Appeal, their number being very limited. When the House of Lords acts as a judicial body instead of a legislative one, it is composed only of the Lords of Appeal in Ordinary.