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10. The window was broken yesterday by Richard (если я правильно помню страдательный залог)

Объяснение:

beautiful wales-a small country, but characterized by a bright history and very spectacular natural scenery. wales is only two hundred and seventy-five kilometers long and about a hundred kilometers wide, despite such modest size, there are three national parks, five nature reserves. wales is not in vain considered to be the most beautiful part of the uk, because the sea and the mountains nearby, what could be more beautiful? but not only nature is famous wales, and its lively modern cities, traditional welsh villages and a lot of interesting tourist attractions.  

his acquaintance with wales's best to start with the capital. cardiff is the greenest city in this part of the uk, standing on the taff river. it became the capital of wales only in 1955. the first fortress on its modern territory was built by the romans in 78 ad, a little later, in 1090, the normans built the city and the castle, to this day, towering in the heart of cardiff. preserved and the first ruins of the roman fort – a very popular attraction of the capital of wales. in the twelfth century, the appearance of the castle changed, it was faced with a stone, on the orders of robert gloucester-the son of king henry the first. in the thirteenth century cardiff castle was strengthened and expanded, it was protected by an impregnable wall, equipped with towers and loopholes.  

carphilly castle

the castle has an unusual architecture and it is believed that it greatly influenced the further development of the fortification in the uk.

the fortress is located on an artificial island, which was previously the bank of the river. it is relatively compact, has innovative for the time concentric layout with huge east gate-de garde.

inside the castle there is a large room suitable for living feudal lord. some of the buildings are located on the outside of the walls (today only small ruins are preserved from them), also inside the towers and gates there are rooms for soldiers and service. in the main building there is a large hall (great hall), whose interiors are now restored.

the island is surrounded by a moat, but between it and the main wall there is another line of defense – caerphilly elevated above the ground and surrounded by a supporting wall, so that the walls of the fortress itself is not accessible, simply overcoming the ditch, and the free area between the walls of caerphilly and a moat was used to install the guns. in addition, the western gate of the main perimeter is protected by another additional gate directly at the moat.an unusual feature is a separate eastern wall, which is not connected with the walls of the castle and is located outside of the first water line. at the same time, due to the complex system of water protection, it is impossible to bypass it and the defenders could easily move to the castle and back to the outer wall almost without the risk of being cut off from the fortifications. and additionally this wall protects another separate small den.