bigrushnboss

21.06.2020 03:01

Английский язык

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Read the text and find equivalents to the words from it.

1. to do wrong/ to misbehave - to ____
2. being mature/ fully grown person -______
3.. to discuss/ to debate - to ________
5. legally care for another's child/ to raise - to ________
6. brothers and sisters - ________
7. cruel/ violent - ________
8. to achieve/ to improve - to ________
9. ending/ outcome - ________
10. to execise/ to implement - to ________
11. penalty/ trial - ________

All adults at some time or another commit a crime, sometimes by accident, but why do some people intentionally commit crimes? Here are three theories that try to explain the causes of criminal behaviour.
GENETIC CAUSES
The idea that some people commit crimes because of biological factors has a long tradition. This theory suggests that criminals are born, not made. In the 19th century some people even thought brain sizes and skull shapes could explain criminal behaviour. Although experts today no longer believe this, they do argue that human behaviour can be linked to an individual's genes. Studies of adopted children who show criminal behaviour suggest that their behaviour is more similar to their biological parents' behaviour than their adoptive parents', showing a genetic Jink.
ENVIRONMENT
This theory states that a person's surroundings influence their behaviour. Just as children learn good behaviour from their parents and siblings, so children can learn bad behaviour from their families and other close relationships. Researchers
in this area argue that early anti-social behaviour in childhood often leads to a future of criminal behaviour. It is a vicious circle, as one expert states: 'Problem children tend to grow up into problem adults, and problem adults tend to produce more problem children.'
CHOICE
The central idea of this theory is that crime is a career decision, an alternative way of making a living. The theory argues that most criminals are rational people, who know what they want and the different ways of getting it, i.e. work or crime. They are able to balance the risks of committing a crime, such as going to prison, against its benefits, i.e. what they gain if they aren't caught.The conclusion is: if there are more benefits than risks, do it, but if there are more risks than benefits, don't do it.
Research is continuing into people's motivation for committing crimes as understanding this may help us apply the correct punishments for crime. It is important to understand the causes of crime. With more knowledge, it will be easier to prevent crime and to help criminals to lead a more useful life.