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14.05.2021 21:32

Английский язык

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Answer the following questions:

What does building industry employ?
Why does building industry hold a considerable place in the National Economy?
What is prominent among the factors affecting the level of living?
Is building industry the concern of the state?
Why is it so?
What is being paid much attention to?
What new building methods are now used in building industry?
How many principal groups of prefabricated structures and precast elements do you know?
What changes have taken place in present day designs for residential structures?
Is there any improvement in heating and ventilating systems?
Agree or disagree with the following statements:

In technically developed countries work only engineers and architects in the building industry.
Building industry is the largest single industry in every country.
The problems of construction is of no importance in many countries.
Industrial building is prominent among the factors affecting the level of living.
Our government pays no attention to the problems of building.
The old methods of construction are used now.
The new methods of construction make great emphasis upon standardization and new levels of technological advance.
It is necessary to use offsite prefabrication and precutting.
Prefabricated structures and precast elements may be classified into three principal groups.
It is difficult for present-day designs for residential construction envisage all modern amenities for a dwelling.
текст
RESIDENTIAL AND INDUSTRIAL BUILDINGS

In technically developed countries the building industry, comprising skilled and unskilled workers in many trades, building engineers and architects, managerial staff and designers employs a considerable proportion of the available labour force.

Building industry, including residential public and industrial construction, holds a considerable place in the National Economy and is being carried on a large scale. It is the largest single industry in the country. The problems of construction have grown into major, political issues in most countries.

Housing is prominent among the factors affecting the level of living. The improvement of the housing represents a concrete and visible rise in the general level of living. In many countries residential construction has constituted at least 12 per cent and frequently more than 25 per cent of all capital formation. Since the USSR home building industry is the concern of the state. The research and development in housing technology is carried out on a national scale and is being paid much attention to.

The ever growing housing demands have brought to life new methods of construction with great emphasis upon standardization, new levels of technological advance, utilizing such techniques as offsite prefabrication, precutting, use of reinforced concrete panels and large-scale site planning. At present, prefabricated structures and precast elements may be classified into two principal groups – for residential houses and industrial buildings.

Present-day design for residential construction envisages all modern amenities for a dwelling. They advocate larger, better built and better equipped flats and houses. Steel was gradually substituted for iron and permitted wider rooms and larger windows. Windows can be enlarged to the extent that they constitute a large fraction of the wall area. There is a marked improvement in the heating and ventilating systems as well as in hot-water supply, kitchen and sanitary fittings. Many tenants now can afford better furnishings, refrigerators, washing machines, etc. A house which is a physical environment where a family develops is acquiring a new and modern look.

Industrial buildings comprise another significant type of construction. This type of construction involves factories, laboratories, food processing plants, mines, office buildings, stores, garages, hangars and other storage facilities, exhibition halls, etc. Modern industrial buildings have demonstrated the advantages of reinforced concrete arches, metal frames, glass walls and prefabricated standardized mass produced parts.