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12.07.2020 21:24

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Great Britain (official name -the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland) is situated on two large islands, the larger of which is Great Britain, the smaller is Ireland. In addition to these two islands Great Britain includes over five hundred small islands. The total area of Great Britain is 240,000 sq. kms. its population 56,000,000 people.In the north-west and west the country is washed by the Atlantic Ocean and the
Irish Sea, in the east – by the North Sea. The island of Great Britain is separated from France by the English Channel. Northern Ireland, which is a part of Great Britain and which is situated on the island of Ireland, is separated from Great Britain by the North Channel.
The island of Great Britain is divided into two parts: mountainous (in the north and west of the island) and lowland (in the south and east). There are no very long
rivers in Great Britain. The most important rivers are the Thames (the deepest) and the Severn (the longest). The rivers seldom freeze in winter. Due to the moderating
influence of the sea Great Britain has an insular climate, rather humid and mild, with-out striking discrepancy between seasons.
Great Britain consists of four main parts: England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Administratively Great Britain is divided into 55 counties. The biggest cities of Great Britain are London, Birmingham, Glasgow, Liverpool,Manchester, Edinburgh, and Cardiff.
Great Britain is a parliamentary monarchy. Officially the head of state is the Queen (or the King). However, the power of the Queen in Great Britain is no absolute. She acts only on the advice of the ministers and Parliament.
Parliament in Great Britain has existed since 1265 and is the eldest Parliament in the world. It consists of two Houses -the House of Lords and the House of Commons. The House of Lords consists of 1000 peers who are not elected by the people. The House of Commons is a nation-wide representative body which is electe by the people at a general election, within 5 years of the last election. After the
general election the Queen appoints the head of the government the Prime Minister. As a rule the Prime Minister is the leader of the party that has won the election. The Prime Minister appoints the ministers to make up the government.
There are two main political parties in Great Britain: the Conservative party an the Labour party.
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Great Britain is a highly-developed industrial country. The main fields of Britis industry are machine-building, ship-building, metallurgy, and electronics.