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Christopher columbus the explorer christopher columbus made four trips across the atlantic ocean from spain: in 1492, 1493, 1498 and 1502. he was determined to find a direct water route west from europe to asia, but he never did. instead, he accidentally stumbled upon the americas. though he did not really “discover” the new world–millions of people already lived there–his journeys marked the beginning of centuries of trans-atlantic conquest and colonization. marco polo marco polo (1254-1324) was a venetian merchant believed to have journeyed across asia at the height of the mongol empire. he first set out at age 17 with his father and uncle, traveling overland along what later became known as the silk road. upon reaching china, marco polo entered the court of powerful mongol ruler khubilai khan, who dispatched him on trips to help administer the realm. marco polo remained abroad for 24 years. though not the first european to explore china—his father and uncle, among others, had already been there—he became famous for his travels thanks to a popular book he co-authored while languishing in a genoese prison. ferdinand magellan in search of fame and fortune, portuguese explorer ferdinand magellan (c. 1480-1521) set out from spain in 1519 with a fleet of five ships to discover a western sea route to the spice islands. en route he discovered what is now known as the strait of magellan and became the first european to cross the pacific ocean. the voyage was long and dangerous, and only one ship returned home three years later. although it was laden with valuable spices from the east, only 18 of the fleet’s original crew of 270 returned with the ship. magellan himself was killed in battle on the voyage, but his ambitious expedition proved that the globe could be circled by sea and that the world was much larger than had previously been imagined.