Repulse1

28.09.2020 08:40

Английский язык

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INFECTION
Infection means invasion of
the body by microorganisms, which are harmful. The most common sources of infection
in medical practice are direct contact with a patient’s blood and saliva,
consequently instruments and equipment used in the treatment become
contaminated. If no action were taken infection may enter the body through skin
cuts or abrasions or the eyes, it may also be swallowed. Infection from the
contamination would be passed on from patient to patient, from patient to staff
and from staff to patient. This involvement is called cross – infection.

Even ancient people taught
that body’s first of defense against infection was an intact surface, e.g. the
outer layer of skin and the protective outer layer of mucous
membrane. If infection had passed it the second line of defense started its
action. It was the liquid secretion produced by the protective surfaces. The
mucous membrane and the salivary glands had produced saliva, which neutralized
some bacterial poisons and could kill some microorganisms. Tears and sweat had
a similar effect. The acidity of gastric juice killed many bacteria in food.
The third line of defense is discovered now. It is immunity.
And we also know that if these defense mechanisms fail to prevent
infection, the last line of defense is a response by the body called
inflammation.

1. What are the most common sources of infection?
2. How may infection enter the body?
3. What did ancient people teach?
4. When does the second line of defense start its action?
5. What is it produced by?
6. What can saliva do?
7. What effect do tears and sweat have?
8. When was the third line discovered?
9. What is the last line of defense?