mazurone

22.01.2023 09:42

Английский язык

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Find 10 sentences with infinitive, its constructions and gerund in the text land rigs and translate them into russian. (найдите в предложении land rigs 10 предложений с инфинитивом, его конструкциями и герундиями и переведите их на язык.
пример: most offshore rigs can be moved over water with almost no need to disassemble major parts. _ большинство морских буровых установок могут передвигаться по воде практически без необходимости демонтировать основные части)

land rigs
rigging up an offshore drilling rig is usually not as complicated as rigging up a land rig. most offshore rigs can be moved over water with almost no need to disassemble major parts. onsite, the offshore rig is known to be stabilized by placing rig supports on the ocean floor for bottom-supported rigs or, by anchors, anchor chains, and wire or polyester rope for floaters. only the dynamically positioned floaters require no additional support to stay in position during drilling.

land rigs are much alike, although details vary. a major difference is their size, and size determines how deep the rig can drill. well depths to be drilled range from a few hundred or thousand feet (meters) to tens of thousand of feet (meters). the depth of the foundation that contains, or is believed to contain, oil and gas controls well depth. classified by size, land rigs are light duty, medium duty, heavy duty, and very heavy duty.

it should be kept in mind that a rig can drill holes shallower than its maximum rated depth. on the other hand, a rig cannot handle the heavier weight of the drilling equipment required for deeper holes.

to move most land rigs, crewmembers must disassemble many of its components. disassembly is required so that parts can be transported to the next location and then reassembled. for safety, rigging up is certain to takes place only during daylight hours. even with lighting after dark, there is too much heavy equipment to move safely during rig-up.

on most land rigs during rigging up, the rig parts are put back together to drill a hole. it involves unloading and hooking up the rig engines, the mud tanks and pumps, and other equipment to be used on the site. one of the last steps, and one of the more dramatic, is raising the mast from horizontal ˗ the position in which it was transported ˗ to the vertical drilling position. the first rig component positioned by the crew is the rig’s substructure, which is the base, or foundation.

a substructure is the framework located directly over the hole; it is the foundation of the rig. the bottom of the substructure rests on level ground. the crew places a work platform on top of the substructure called the rig floor. the substructure raises the rig floor to approximately 10 to 40 feet (3 to 12 metres) above the ground. elevating the rig floor provides room under the rig for special high-pressure valves and a blowout preventer (bop) stack that the crew connects to the top of the well’s casing. the exact height of a substructure depends on the space needed for this equipment. a cellar also provides more space for the equipment.