2212
15. read the text and fill in the gaps transforming capitalized words.
the london underground was the underground one
system in the world. it is over 140 years old. its construcconstruct
2022 in 1860. the system was opened in 1863 and -begin
was only 4 miles long (6.5 kilometres) from the run
west of london to the city in the east. it was not very
deep and steam trains were used. then tunnels deep
were built and in 1890 the electric railway was opened.
called this system the tube and it is still a very london
popular name for the london underground
some of its deep stations were used for of the protect
during the world war. a great number city two
of people use the underground system every day be-
cause it connects nearly all the parts of this magnificent
city. it is not only the
and the
in the old/big
world, but it is one of the most modern and efficient sy-
stems with its eleven lines which cover london.
room

The framers of the u.s. constitution made no provision in the governmental structure for the functioning of political parties. the structure of government itself in the u. s. was conducive to the formation of political parties. the carefully elaborated system of checks and balances, established by the constitution, makes executive and legislative cooperation necessary in the development of policy. though there are quite a lot of political independent parties in the united states, the two-party system prevails in the country. the party balance is held between the major parties - the republican party and the democratic party. the fight between «elephants» and «donkeys» (these are tokens of republicans and democrats) never ends. proclamation of retaining democracy in the country and the unity of the american nation may be found both in a republican’s and a democrat's election speech. the success of the cabinet’s policy supplies the number of votes for the party candidate in the forthcoming elections.the nation’s mistrust to a president brings mistrust to the political party as a whole. this happened with the republicans in 1974 when president nixon got involved into «watergate affair».