Установите соответствия между текстами a—g и заголовками 1—8. занесите свои ответы в таблицу. используйте каждую цифру только один раз. в один заголовок лишний.

1. why we take in vitamins

2. vitamins can cure 3. a misleading name

4. to cook or not to cook?

5. not a medicine after all

6. from the history of vitamins

7. vitamins can harm you

8. naming vitamins

a. the term vitamin was derived from vitamine, a compound noun coined in 1921 by the polish biochemist funk. the name is from vital and amine, meaning the amine of life because it was suggested in 1921 the organic micronutrient food factors that prevent dietary-deficiency diseases might be chemical amines. this was true only for some of them but not for others so the word was shortened to vitamin in english.

b. it is interesting that vitamins are named mainly after the letters of the alphabet. we know there are vitamins from a to e but then it goes directly to k. where are the ones that should correspond to letters f—j? in fact, these vitamins were either reclassified over time, discarded as false leads or renamed because of their relationship to vitamin b, which eventually became a complex of vitamins.
c. vitamins are essential for the normal growth and development of a multicellular organism. at different stages of growing a body requires certain vitamins and minerals to be present at certain times. these nutrients facilitate the chemical reactions that produce, among other things, skin, bone and muscle. if there’s a serious deficiency in one or more of these nutrients, a body can develop a disease. even minor deficiencies can cause permanent damage.

d. people in ancient times didn’t know about vitamins but they did know that certain foods could help cure illnesses. the ancient egyptians fed a person liver to cure night blindness. the japanese were the first to experiment with diets to cure beriberi in the navy in 1884. in 1897, f. hopkins postulated some foods contain elements necessary for a body to function. in 1929, he was awarded the nobel prize for discovering several vitamins.

e. most countries place vitamins and dietary supplements in a special category under the general umbrella of foods, not drugs. this necessitates that the manufacturer and not the government be responsible for ensuring these products are safe before they are marketed. regulation of vitamins and food supplements varies widely by country for the consumer to purchase a high-quality product after all.
f. in large doses some vitamins have documented side effects that tend to be more severe with a larger dosage. the likelihood of consuming too much of any vitamin with food is remote but overdosing (vitamin poisoning) from vitamin supplementation does occur. its typical side effects include nausea, diarrhea and vomiting. the doses of vitamins differ because individual tolerances can vary widely related to age and state of health.

g. each product is rich in vitamins but the point is man cooks food. up to a quarter of vitamins is lost after cooking for such common foods as vegetables, meat or fish. it should be mentioned, however, that some vitamins may become more bio-available — that is usable by the body — when steamed or cooked. there are special tables to show a housewife whether various vitamins are susceptible to loss from heat.

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