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social media are at work, too, with apps such as instagram leading tourists to pitch over cliffs and clog vital roadways in search of the perfect pic, and sites such as yelp and tripadvisor making restaurants, museums, and beaches discoverable and thus ruinable. overtourism itself is a media phenomenon as much as it is anything else. the word catapulted into common use in 2017, with wall-to-wall coverage of the problems in venice, bali, and elsewhere helping to drive the global backlash against tourists as well as the backlash to the backlash.

as for the backlash to the backlash: some concerns about overtourism seem enormously overblown, and many local complaints about visitors are shot through with classism and racism. the majority of tourist destinations have no problem with the number of visitors they receive—would it even be possible for orlando or vegas to be over-touristed, logistically or spiritually? travelers and their foreign direct investment remain a vital lifeblood for tiny italian towns and big american parks and thousands of places in between. and while many sites are inarguably overcrowded, very few cities and towns are; the problem is mostly one of beaches and blocks and buildings, not of neighborhoods or regions.

there’s too much of a good thing in some of these spots, and mayors and city councils are doing their part to take it away. a number of places have implemented or expanded or proposed tourist taxes, among them amsterdam, bali, edinburgh, ireland, rome, and venice. these levies on hotels and day trips both reduce the number of visitors to a given place and provide it with revenue to improve infrastructure and defray the damage that tourists inevitably cause. governments are also rolling out regulations, such as bans on tour buses in rome and gating-and-ticketing in barcelona. those kinds of measures stand to become more important in the coming years, as the global middle class gets bigger, social media more ubiquitous, and travel cheaper.

these phenomena inevitably mean more complaints from locals, and more damage and lines and selfies and bad behavior. but they also mean more cross-cultural exposure, more investment, more global connection, more democratization of travel, and perhaps more awe and wonder. even overtourism has its upsides.

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