dariak98

31.05.2020 07:33

Английский язык

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every year parliament passes about a hundred laws directly, by making acts of parliament. it being a long process, parliament sometimes passes a very general law and leaves a minister to fill in the details. in this way, it indirectly passes about 2,000 additional rules and regulations.
in order to be passed a new law is to completed a number of stages in the house of commons and the house of lords. the monarch also has to give a bill the royal assent, which is now just a formality. since 1707 no sovereign has refused a bill. whilst a law is still going through parliament it is called a bill. there are two main types of bills - public bills which deal with matters of public importance and private bills which deal with local matters and individuals. public and private bills are passed through parliament in much the same way.
the legislative process involves three readings in both houses. when a bill is introduced in the house of commons, it receives a formal first reading. it is then printed and read a second time, when it is debated but not amended.
after the second reading the bill is referred to a committee. here it is'discussed in detail and amended, if necessary. the bill is then presented for a third reading and is debated. if the bill is passed by the commons it goes to the lords, and provided it is not rejected by them, it goes through the same procedure as in the commons.
the bill becomes an act of parliament after receiving the royal assent. in order to be enforced, it must be published in statute form, becoming a part of statute law. the power of the lords to reject a bill has been severely curtailed. a money bill must be passed by the lords without amendment within a month of being presented in the house. any public bill passed by the commons in two successive parliamentary sessions and rejected both times by the lords, may be presented for the royal assent, even though it has not been passed by the lords. the lords, therefore can only delay the passage of a public bill, they cannot reject it.

вопросы:
1. what is necessary for a new law be passed by the parliament?
2. what is the difference between a bill and an act of parliament?
3. what are the two types of bills?
4. how many readings should a bill receive to become an act?
5. what is the role of the house of lords in law-making process?
6. which of the two houses of parliament has more power?
7. how does a bill go through parliament?
8. what part does the monarch play in law making?