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automatic control and control systems.

feedback control systems have become our servants in many more

ways than most of us realize. we now have tens of millions of л е т at

work - in industry, in offices and at home. we are increasingly dependant

on ais great army of robots. they contribute to our comfort, protect our

heakh and safety, relieve us of hard and uninteresting work and operate

difficult and dangerous enterprises which we couldn’t dare to undertake

wiaout л ет.

everyone knows about aermostat which keeps radiators hot and

refrigerators cold. most of the олег controls are less familiar. electrical

and electronic governors are known to stabilize the performance of our

radio and tvsets. robots control the flights of airplanes. process

controllers supervise the manufacture of plastics, synaetic fibers, the

whole range of products of chemical industry. complicated networks of

instruments run our petroleum refineries. our communication system is

one vast feedback circuit. throughout industry the convertion of energy

from the process of combustion to the rotating of the shafts of heavy

machinery is conducted under automatic control. in sum, if the controls

already operating in our economy were suddenly shut off, леге would be

chaos. but robots are here.

and ais is only the beginning. one’s imagmation needn’t be

restricted to industrial possibilities. we can look forward to feedback

controls in many олег fields.

a robot stimulates the functions of a human bemg. modem industry

began wkh manual and semi-automatic controls. a human operator read

the instrument and applied corrections to a process.

the essence of control is: measure, compare, correct and check the

result.

as the tempo and complexity of technology rose, human operators

began to fall behind: леу could not keep up wkh the demands of the

machme. it became necessary to give the instruments which merely

measured and indicated the function of control as well.this liberation of technology from the limitations of the human

system has already had great practical consequences.

servo-mechanisms, regulators and process controllers play

increasingly important roles. simple controllers which measure and

control are giving way to complex controllers which control, compute and

govern the total plant performance. combinations of automatic controllers

and their respective processes function more and more as system in broad

sense - in energy conversion, transportation, communication, mechanized

computation, the processing and synthesis of materials and the

manipulation of machinery.

vocabu​

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IhaveAbrains
IhaveAbrains
4,5(26 оценок)

global problems of mankind - problems and situations which cover many countries, earth atmosphere, the world ocean and a circumterraneous space and mention all population of earth.

global problems of mankind can't be solved by forces of one country, in common developed regulations on the environmental protection, the coordinated economic policy, the help to the backward countries, etc. are necessary.

everything is interconnected with everything - the first ecological law says. means, and a step it is impossible to step, without having touched, and at times and without having broken something from environment. each step of the person on a usual lawn are tens ruined microorganisms, the spugnuty insects changing migratory ways or maybe reducing natural efficiency.

last century there was an alarm of the person for destiny of a planet, and current century business reached crisis of world ecological system because of renewal of loads of environment.global problems of the present — set of problems of mankind on which decision social progress and civilization preservation depends.what is the global problems? it would seem, the question is clear long ago, and their circle was defined still in the early seventies when the term "global studies" started to be applied, there were first models of global development.

one of definitions carries to global "the problems resulting objective development of society, creating threats to all mankind and demanding for the solution of the combined efforts of all world community".

correctness of this definition depends on what problems to carry to the global. if it is a narrow circle of the highest, planetary problems, it quite corresponds to truth. if to add here such problems as natural disasters (it is global only in sense of possibility of manifestation in the region), then this definition appears narrow, limiting in what its sense consists.

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