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07.08.2021 10:14

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Написать как читать на .various correctional approaches developed in the wake of causation theories. the old theological and moralistic theories encouraged punishment as retribution by society for evil. this attitude, indeed, still exists. the 19th-century british jurist and philosopher jeremy
bentham tried to make the punishment more precisely fit the crime. bentham believed that pleasure could be measured against pain in all areas of human choice and conduct and that human happiness could be attained through such hedonic calculus. he argued that criminals would be deterred from crime if
they knew, specifically, the suffering they would experience if caught. bentham therefore urged definite, inflexible penalties for each class of crime; the pain of the penalty would outweigh only slightly the pleasure of success in crime; it would exceed it sufficiently to act as a deterrent, but
not so much as to amount to wanton cruelty. this so-called calculus of pleasures and pains was based on psychological postulates no longer accepted. ​