Перевести текст: «types of automation» manufacturing is one of the most important application area for automation technology. there are several types of automation in manufacturing. the examples of automated systems used in manufacturing are described below. 1. fixed automation, sometimes called «hard automation» refers to automated machines in which the equipment configuration allows fixed sequence of processing operations. these machines are programmed by their design to make only certain processing operations. they are not easily changed over from one product style to another. this form of automation needs high initial investments and high production rates. that is why it is suitable for products that are made in large volumes. examples of fixed automation are machining transfer lines found in the automobile industry, automatic assembly machines and certain chemical processes. 2. programmable automation is a form of automation for producing products in large quantities, ranging from several dozen to several thousand units at a time. for each new product the production equipment must be reprogrammed and changed over. this reprogramming and changeover take a period of non-productive time. production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than in fixed automation, because the equipment is designed to facilitate product changeover rather than for product specialization. a numerical-control machine-tool is a good example of programmable automation. the program is coded in computer memory for each different product style and the machine-tool is controlled by the computer programme. 3. flexible automation is a kind of programmable automation. programmable automation requires time to re-program and change over the production equipment for each series of new product. this is lost production time, which is expensive. in flexible automation the number of products is limited so that the changeover of the equipment can be done very quickly and automatically. the reprogramming of the equipment in flexible automation is done at a computer terminal without using the production equipment itself. flexible automation allows a mixture of different products to be produced one right after another.
Ответы на вопрос:
1) i think we should -я думаю, мы должны
i think we should think carefully about our future and what university we will enter after we finish school.
2)it`s better to-лучше
it’s better to choose a few academic subjects and work on them harder.
3)but look - но посмотрите
but look at the pace of change in the modern world! what if we choose a profession and it will not be needed in ten years’ time?
4)on the other hand -с другой стороны
on the other hand, some professions are always in demand.
5) l still think - я всё ещё думаю
i still think that teachers, doctors and engineers will always be needed
6)yes but what l really mean is
yes, but what i really mean is that you have to be good at whatever you do
7)what i`m trying to say is
what i’m trying to say is that it is very important to be a lifelong learner!
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