Переведите текст на язык, . прекрасный уэльс - небольшая страна, но отличающаяся яркой и эффектными природными пейзажами. уэльс занимает всего лишь двести семьдесят пять километров в длину и около ста в ширину, несмотря на такие скромные размеры, на тут разместились целых три национальных парка, пять природных заповедников. уэльс не зря считается красивейшей частью великобритании, ведь море и горы рядом, что может быть прекраснее? но не только природой славен уэльс, а своими оживленными современными , традиционными валлийскими деревушками и массой интереснейших туристических достопримечательностей. свое знакомство с уэльсом лучше начинать со столицы. кардифф - самый зеленый город в этой части великобритании, стоящий на реке тафф. столицей уэльса он стал лишь в 1955 году. первая крепость на его современной территории была возведена римлянами в 78 году нашей эры, чуть позже, в 1090 году норманнами был построен город и замок, по сей день, возвышающийся в самом сердце кардиффа. сохранились и первые развалины от римского форта – это весьма посещаемая достопримечательность столицы уэльса. в двенадцатом веке, внешний вид замка изменился, его облицевали камнем, по приказу роберта глостерского - побочного сына короля генриха первого. в тринадцатом веке замок кардифф укрепили и расширили, его стала защищать неприступная стена, оснащенная башнями и бойницами. замок карфилли замок имеет необычную архитектуру и, считается, что он сильно повлиял на дальнейшее развитие фортификации в великобритании. крепость находится на искусственном острове, который ранее был берегом реки. она относительно компактная, имеет новаторскую для того времени концентрическую планировку с огромными восточными воротами-кордегардией. внутри замка находится большое помещение, пригодное для проживания феодала. часть построек находятся с наружной стороны стен (сегодня от них сохранились только небольшие руины), также внутри башен и ворот расположены комнаты для проживания солдат и несения службы. в основном здании находится большой зал (great hall), чьи интерьеры сейчас восстановлены. остров окружен рвом, но между ним и основными стенами есть еще один рубеж обороны – кайрфилли приподнят над землей и окружен поддерживающей стеной, так что к стенам самой крепости нельзя добраться, просто преодолев ров, а свободная площадь между стенами кайрфилли и рвом использовалась для установки орудий. кроме того, западные ворота основного периметра защищены еще одними дополнительными воротами непосредственно у рва.необычной особенностью является отдельная восточная стена, которая не связана со стенами самого замка и находится снаружи от первого водного рубежа. при этом сложной системе водной защиты ее невозможно обойти и защитники могли легко перемещаться в замок и обратно на внешнюю стену почти без риска быть отрезанными от укреплений. и дополнительно эту стену защищает еще один отдельный небольшой ров.

beautiful wales-a small country, but characterized by a bright history and very spectacular natural scenery. wales is only two hundred and seventy-five kilometers long and about a hundred kilometers wide, despite such modest size, there are three national parks, five nature reserves. wales is not in vain considered to be the most beautiful part of the uk, because the sea and the mountains nearby, what could be more beautiful? but not only nature is famous wales, and its lively modern cities, traditional welsh villages and a lot of interesting tourist attractions. his acquaintance with wales's best to start with the capital. cardiff is the greenest city in this part of the uk, standing on the taff river. it became the capital of wales only in 1955. the first fortress on its modern territory was built by the romans in 78 ad, a little later, in 1090, the normans built the city and the castle, to this day, towering in the heart of cardiff. preserved and the first ruins of the roman fort – a very popular attraction of the capital of wales. in the twelfth century, the appearance of the castle changed, it was faced with a stone, on the orders of robert gloucester-the son of king henry the first. in the thirteenth century cardiff castle was strengthened and expanded, it was protected by an impregnable wall, equipped with towers and loopholes. carphilly castlethe castle has an unusual architecture and it is believed that it greatly influenced the further development of the fortification in the uk.the fortress is located on an artificial island, which was previously the bank of the river. it is relatively compact, has innovative for the time concentric layout with huge east gate-de garde. nside the castle there is a large room suitable for living feudal lord. some of the buildings are located on the outside of the walls (today only small ruins are preserved from them), also inside the towers and gates there are rooms for soldiers and service. in the main building there is a large hall (great hall), whose interiors are now restored.

the island is surrounded by a moat, but between it and the main wall there is another line of defense – caerphilly elevated above the ground and surrounded by a supporting wall, so that the walls of the fortress itself is not accessible, simply overcoming the ditch, and the free area between the walls of caerphilly and a moat was used to install the guns. in addition, the western gate of the main perimeter is protected by another additional gate directly at the moat.an unusual feature is a separate eastern wall, which is not connected with the walls of the castle and is located outside of the first water line. at the same time, due to the complex system of water protection, it is impossible to bypass it and the defenders could easily move to the castle and back to the outer wall almost without the risk of being cut off from the fortifications. and additionally this wall protects another separate small den.

beautiful wales-a small country, but characterized by a bright history and very spectacular natural scenery. wales is only two hundred and seventy-five kilometers long and about a hundred kilometers wide, despite such modest size, there are three national parks, five nature reserves. wales is not in vain considered to be the most beautiful part of the uk, because the sea and the mountains nearby, what could be more beautiful? but not only nature is famous wales, and its lively modern cities, traditional welsh villages and a lot of interesting tourist attractions.  

his acquaintance with wales's best to start with the capital. cardiff is the greenest city in this part of the uk, standing on the taff river. it became the capital of wales only in 1955. the first fortress on its modern territory was built by the romans in 78 ad, a little later, in 1090, the normans built the city and the castle, to this day, towering in the heart of cardiff. preserved and the first ruins of the roman fort – a very popular attraction of the capital of wales. in the twelfth century, the appearance of the castle changed, it was faced with a stone, on the orders of robert gloucester-the son of king henry the first. in the thirteenth century cardiff castle was strengthened and expanded, it was protected by an impregnable wall, equipped with towers and loopholes.  

carphilly castle

the castle has an unusual architecture and it is believed that it greatly influenced the further development of the fortification in the uk.

the fortress is located on an artificial island, which was previously the bank of the river. it is relatively compact, has innovative for the time concentric layout with huge east gate-de garde.

inside the castle there is a large room suitable for living feudal lord. some of the buildings are located on the outside of the walls (today only small ruins are preserved from them), also inside the towers and gates there are rooms for soldiers and service. in the main building there is a large hall (great hall), whose interiors are now restored.

the island is surrounded by a moat, but between it and the main wall there is another line of defense – caerphilly elevated above the ground and surrounded by a supporting wall, so that the walls of the fortress itself is not accessible, simply overcoming the ditch, and the free area between the walls of caerphilly and a moat was used to install the guns. in addition, the western gate of the main perimeter is protected by another additional gate directly at the moat.an unusual feature is a separate eastern wall, which is not connected with the walls of the castle and is located outside of the first water line. at the same time, due to the complex system of water protection, it is impossible to bypass it and the defenders could easily move to the castle and back to the outer wall almost without the risk of being cut off from the fortifications. and additionally this wall protects another separate small den.

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