dianamironova04

11.05.2020 16:14

Английский язык

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Перевести. the development of elevators was led by the need for movement of raw materials including coal and lumber from hillsides. the technology developed bu these industries and the introduction of steel beam construction worked together to provide the passenger and freight elevators in use today. starting in the coal mines, by the mid-19th century elevators were operated with steam power and were used for moving goods in bulk in mines and factories. these steam driven devices were soon being applied to a diverse set of purposes - in 1823, two architects working in london, burton and homer, built and operated a novel tourist attraction, which they called the ascending room. it elevated paying customers to a considerable height in the center of london, allowing them a magnificent panoramic view of downtown. early, crude steam-driven elevators were refined in the ensuing decade; - in 1835 an innovative elevator called the "teagle" was developed by the company frost and stutt in england. the elevator was bell-driven and used a counterweight for extra power. the hydraulic crane was invented by sir william armstrong in 1846, primaly for use at the tyneside docks for loading cargo. these quickly supplanted the earlier steam driven elevators: exploiting pascal`s law, they provided a much greater force. a water pump supplied a varlable level of water pressure to a plunger encased inside a vertical cylinder, allowing the level of the platform (carrying a heavy load) to be raised and lowered. called a tram or tramway, people enter this unique tramway much as one world enter an ordinary elevator, through double doors. passing thought the doors the passengers in small groups enter a hozizontal cylindrical compartment containing seats on each side and flat floor. a number of these compartments are linked to from a train. these compartments each individually retain an appropriate level orientation by tilting while the entire train follows curved tracks up one leg of the arch. there are two trainways within the arch, one at the north end, and the other at the south end. the entry doors have windowns, so people traveling within the arch are able to see the interior structure of the arch during the ride to and from the observation deck. at the beginning of the trip the cars hang from the drive cables, but as the angle of the shafl changes, they end up beside and them on top the cables. viem up the shafl of the elevator at the new city hall, hanover, germany.