Pirates there have always been people who robbed ships in the open sea. we know them as pirates or corsairs. many of them were sailors who lost their jobs, others were just young men and women looking for adventure. thousands of pirates were active from 1650–1720. these years are sometimes known as the 'golden age' of piracy. probably the most famous pirates of this period are blackbeard, henry morgan, william 'captain' kidd, and the barbarossa brothers. the "jolly roger" is the well-known pirate flag. there are a number of theories about its origin. it is thought that the first pirates used a red flag, which was common in sea attacks. a red flag told other ships that there would be no pity and no prisoners would be taken. this red flag was called joli rouge (pretty red) in french. most probably, english people pronounced it in their own way "jolly roger". another theory says that "old roger" was another name for the devil. another popular image from the pirate world is a parrot, sitting on the captain's shoulder. well, there's no historical proof of that. no doubt, pirates often travelled to faraway exotic lands and brought unusual animals as souvenirs with them. parrots were particularly popular because they were colourful, could be taught to speak, and were easier to care for than, say, monkeys. however, you can't imagine a pirate fighting with a bird on the shoulder. this image possibly began with the book 'treasure island'. in the book, the ever famous long john silver carried a parrot as a pet. before joining a ship each pirate signed an agreement called "articles". this explained the rights and laws on board the ship, how much a person was paid, what to do in case of emergency, etc. for example, playing cards for money was not allowed. for breaking the rules a pirate would be shot or left on a desert island with a bottle of water and a gun. a pirate ship was organized democratically. after a successful attack they divided the treasures equally, only the captain and the cook got more. they sometimes decided together which ship to attack or where to sail next. most pirates were paid four times more than they had when they were sailors. but on land they were criminals and lots of money was offered to those who caught them. however, for some time the english government supported pirates. there were lots of pirates in the sixteenth century when england was at war with spain and the dutch republic. queen elizabeth i ordered them to rob spanish ships and bring gold, silver and jewels to the country. sir francis drake was one of the most famous pirates. he brought lots of treasures to england and also was the first englishman to sail all the way around the world. because of this, he was made a knight by queen elizabeth i. professional sailors never became pirates. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated the flag "jolly roger" meant death for ships’ sailors and passengers. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated the name for the flag "jolly roger" is of english origin. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated parrots brought luck to pirates at sea. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated "articles" regulated pirates’ behaviour at sea. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated after the attack the captain took all the treasures. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated in the past pirates did some jobs for english queens and kings. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated francis drake was the richest english pirate. 1) true 2) false 3) not stated
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Ответы на вопрос:
1- false 2 - true 3 - not stated 4 - false 5 - true 6 - false 7 - true 8 - not stated i. professional sailors never became pirates. 2) false 2 the flag "jolly roger" meant death for ships’ sailors and passengers. 1) true 3 the name for the flag "jolly roger" is of english origin. 3) not stated 4 parrots brought luck to pirates at sea. 2) false 5 "articles" regulated pirates’ behaviour at sea. 1) true 6 after the attack the captain took all the treasures. 2) false 7 in the past pirates did some jobs for english queens and kings. 1) true 8 francis drake was the richest english pirate. 3) not stated
Dear ann, i was very glad to hear from you again. i haven't written for ages because of my school activities.i got your invitation to the christmas party. that would be great! but unfortunately, i cannot come to your place and have a fun with you and your friends. my older sister is going to come here with her husband and children. so i have to spend time with her kids (my cousins) and help my mother around the house. it is always so awful when the house is full of guests even if they are your relatives. i wish you have a good holiday, relax and have fun. that's for me today. i have to go to the swimming pool. best regards to your family.write soon. kate дорогая анна, я была рада получить от тебя весточку. я не писала целую вечность из-за занятости в школе. я получила твое приглашение на новогоднюю вечеринку. это было бы здорово! но к сожалению, я не смогу приехать у тебе и повеселиться с тобой и твоими друзьями. моя старшая сестра собирается приехать к нам со своим мужем и детьми. так что мне придется проводить время с малышами и маме по дому. это всегда так ужасно, когда в доме полно гостей, даже если они твои родственники.я желаю тебе хорошо провести праздники, отдохнуть и повеселиться. передавай своей семье. пиши как можно быстрее,катя
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