Задайте 5 вопросов к тексту: общий, специальный, альтернативный, разделительный, вопрос к подлежащему. programming languages the only language computers can understand directly is called machine code. it is known to consist of the ls and 0s (binary code) that are processed by the cpu. however, machine code as a means of communication is very difficult to write. that is why it is necessary to use symbolic languages that are easier to understand. then, by using a special program, these languages can be translated into machine code. basic languages, in which the program is similar to the machine code version, are known as low-level languages. in these languages, each instruction is equivalent to a single machine code instruction, and the program is converted into machine code by a special program called an assembler. these languages are considered to be still quite complex and restricted to particular computers. to make the program easier to write and to overcome the problem of intercommunication between different types of machines, higher-level languages were developed such as basic, cobol,fortran, pascal, ada, c and others. a higher-level language is a problem oriented programming language, whereas a low-level language is machine oriented. this means that a high-level language is a convenient and simple means of describing the information structures and sequences of actions to be performed for a particular task. a high-level language is independent of the architecture of the computer which supports it. this has two advantages. firstly, the person writing the program does not have to know anything about the computer the program will be run on. secondly, programs are portable, that is, the same program can (in theory) be run on different types of computer. programs written in one of these languages should b e converted by means of a compiler into a lower-level language or machine code so that the cpu could understand it. c, a high-level programming language, seems to be very popular today because it is small, so it is not too hard to learn, it is very efficient and portable so one can use it with all kinds of computers. a lot of software engineers use c to write commercial applications programs for mini, micro and personal computers. there are also various versions of c - c++ and objective c, which represent a new style of programming. at present there is a tendency towards an even higher level of programming languages, which might be called specification languages, and an increasing use of software development tools.

1. общий - do computers understand the machine code? 2. специальный - why does a high-level language is a convenient and simple means of describing the information structures and sequences of actions? 3. альтернативный - do you usually use for computers a higher-level language or basic low-level languages? 4. разделительный - a high-level language is independent of the architecture of the computer which supports it, is not it? 5. вопрос к подлежащему - who should program the code in the computer?

if you want to keep fit you must go in for one kind of sport or another.  sport is an essential part of my daily life. every morning all the year round i do my morning exercises. almost every day i do some training. in summer i go swimming or rowing. during my summer holidays i go on hikes. i usually spend my winter holidays in the country where i ski, skate or toboggan.  i also go in for track-and-field (athletics) events. different sports and games are popular with my classmates. all my friends go in for different kinds of sport, such as water polo, gymnastics, horse-racing, wrestling, fencing, weightlifting, boxing, ice-hockey, speed-skating, figure-skating, football, basket-ball, volley-ball, etc.  we have fine teams at our school and different kinds of competitions take place there. the boys of my school are crazy about football, they play football and the girls are football fans. the girls never miss a single match played by school teams.  and now a few words about our physical training lessons. in winter our physical training lessons are held out-of-doors. we go skiing or skating. when it is cold outside p.t. lessons are held indoors, in our school gymnasium. we play different team-games such as basket-ball or volley-ball. besides we have some training in gymnastics.  in autumn and in spring, when the weather is warm we have p.t. lessons at our school stadium. my school has a sports day once a year in late spring. on this day we have no lessons.  all the competitors change into their sports clothes, the spectators find their seats round the track ready to cheer. all the events take place at the same time. this day is a great success every year. even if the weather is not warm, we enjoy ourselves just the same. 

перевод: если хочешь быть здоров, ты должен заниматься тем или иным видом спорта.  спорт — существенно необходимая часть моей жизни. каждое утро, круглый год я делаю утреннюю гимнастику. почти каждый день у меня тренировки. летом я занимаюсь плаванием или греблей. на летних каникулах хожу в походы. я обычно провожу зимние каникулы в деревне, где катаюсь на лыжах, коньках, санках.  также я увлекаюсь легкой атлетикой. среди моих одноклассников популярны разные виды спорта. все мои друзья занимаются такими спорта как водное поло, гимнастика, конный спорт, борьба, фехтование, тяжелая атлетика, бокс, хоккей, конькобежный спорт, фигурное катание, футбол, баскетбол и т. д.  у нас в школе есть хорошие команды и проводятся разные виды соревнований. мальчики моей школы без ума от футбола. они играют в футбол, а девочки — футбольные болельщицы. девочки никогда не пропускают матчи, в которых участвуют наши школьные команды.  а теперь несколько слов о наших уроках физкультуры. наши уроки физкультуры зимой проводятся на улице. мы ходим на лыжах, катаемся на коньках. когда на улице холодно, физкультуру проводят в помещении, в нашем школьном спортзале. мы играем в различные игры, такие как баскетбол или волейбол. кроме того, мы немного занимаемся гимнастикой.  осенью и весной, когда погода теплая, уроки физкультуры проводятся на нашем школьном стадионе. раз в год, в конце весны, у нас в школе бывает день спорта. в этот день нет уроков.  все участники соревнований переодеваются в спортивную одежду, зрители рассаживаются вокруг беговой дорожки, готовые поддержать спортсменов. все соревнования проводятся одновременно. этот день успешно проходит каждый год. даже если погода холодная, мы все равно получаем удовольствие.