gusakova2016poly

30.12.2022 19:12

Английский язык

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Спереводом с на what is chemistry? all definitions ofchemistry include the study of matter. matter is defined as anything that hasmass and occupies space. all matter isarranged or organized. the way isarranged is called its structure. the partsof the structure and the ratio in which theyare organized are called its composition. inaddition, all matter has characteristics orproperties. that is, each substance hasasset of properties that are characteristicsof that substance and give it a unique orspecial identity. thais physical or chemicalproperties are the “personality traits” ofthat substance. in brief, chemists study theproperties, the composition, and thestructure as well as the reactions ofmatter. they also study changes in thecomposition and the structure as well asthe reactions of matter, especially ofatomic and molecular systems. basically, chemistry is a science that deals with thecomposition and properties of substancesand with the reactions by whichsubstances are produced from, orconverted into, other substances. people have practiced chemistry sinceancient time. the egyptian, arabic, greek, and roman cultures each contributedsignificant developments were empirical. that is, they were achieved by trial anderror and were not based on any validtheory of matter. the chemists (500-1600a.d.) whose practical goal was to changebase metals into gold and to prolong life, also contributed to the development ofchemistry. however, it was not until the17th and 18th centuries that modernchemistry began to develop throughsystematic experimentation, called thescientific method, is usually credited withbeing the most important single factor inthe development of chemistry ant itsapplication to technology. chemistry is related to physics, anotherbasic branch of science. it is also related tobiology, the science of life, because lifeitself is basically a complicated system ofinterrelated chemical processes. the range or scope of chemistry is verywide. in fact, it includes the whole universeand every animate (living) and inanimate(nonliving) thing in it. chemistry may bebroadly classified into two main branches: organic chemistry (the chemistry of livingthings) and inorganic chemistry (thechemistry of nonliving things). through thestudy of chemistry we try to learn andunderstand the principles and laws thatcontrol the activity of all matter. chemists may try to observe and toexplain natural situations, or phenomena, or they may invent experiments that willshow the composition and structure ofcomplex substances that are unknown innature. even though the total of chemicalknowledge is so enormous that no onecould learn all of it in one’s lifetime, thebasic concepts are not difficult. in fact, these fundamental concepts in chemistryhave become part of the educationrequired for many professionals in a widevariety of fields and they have contributedto the rapid growth of technology.