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new year’s day is a family holiday for many russians. dinner usually starts late on december 31. traditional meals include russian salad, herring and sparkling wine. a pre-recorded address by the country’s president appears on tv, listing the achievements of the past year, at 11.55pm (23: 55) local time in each of russia’s time zones. many people watch his address and raise a toast to the chiming of the kremlin clock. the russian national anthem begins at midnight and people congratulate each other and exchange presents. some people go out to make a snowman or light fire crackers in their backyards.

people may celebrate the day at a friend’s house or attend the fireworks in their city. celebrations for children include a decorated fir tree and grandfather frost, the russian equivalent of santa claus, who gives presents. grandfather frost often comes with his granddaughter,  snegurochka  (“the snow girl”). as things quieten down later in the day, many people visit their friends or relatives. another tradition is to wish a “happy new year” to passers-by throughout january 1.