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Nursultan abishevich nazarbayev (sound nursultan nazarbayev, born july 6, 1940, village chemolgan, kaskelen district, alma-ata region) is a soviet and kazakh state and political figure, the current president of kazakhstan since april 24, 1990.in the past he was the president of the kazakh ssr. in april 2015, re-elected to the fifth presidential term in the early presidential elections, according to official data, having collected 97.75% of the vote. chairman of the council of ministers of the kazakh ssr (1984-1989). member of the cpsu since 1962. member of the cpsu central committee (1986-1991); member of the politburo of the cpsu central committee (1990-1991). member of the central audit commission of the cpsu (1981-1986). secretary of the central committee of the communist party of kazakhstan (1979-1984), first secretary of the central committee of the communist party of kazakhstan (1989-1991). member of the supreme soviet of the ussr 10-11-th convocation (1979-1989) from the north-kazakhstan region [1] [2]. people's deputy of the ussr (1989-1991). chairman of the supreme council of the kazakh ssr (1990). the record holder for the length of stay in power in the post-soviet space: he is the leader of kazakhstan since june 22, 1989 (the date of appointment to the post of the first secretary of the central committee of the communist party of kazakhstan) to the present - 28 years, 5 months, 19 days [3]. the bearer of the official title "leader of the nation" (kazakh elbasy, since 2010). people's hero of kazakhstan (2012; by appointment as the first president and leader of the nation).

The first settlements were built in 1856, and in 1857, coal mining began in order to supply the local copper industry. Since then, the town became a major centre for coal mining and nowadays, Karaganda is one of the largest industrial cities in the country.