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Like other members of the family, pit viper has a pair of relatively long, hollow fangs that are used to extract the venom. the head is usually triangular, the pupils of the eye vertical. for more details see. viper page. pit viper got its name from the two termoretseptornyh pits on the head located between the nostril and the eye. these pits are sensitive to infrared radiation and allow snakes to recognize their prey by the difference of the victim and the ambient temperature. these receptors are able to perceive even very slight changes in air temperature of about 0,1 ° c. for snakes rodents and birds have a much higher temperature, and the serpent recognize it, even in pitch darkness. like primitive eyes, these holes allow the snake to select a victim and attacking it with great precision. since the pit viper, like other members of the family of viper, prefer to hunt at night in an ambush, is the quality of them is very good. among other snakes, boas only have similar sensitive apparatus. size varies greatly from the pit viper viper ciliate (bothriechis schlegelii), a maximum of 50 cm to bushmaster (lachesis muta), which reaches a length of 3.5 meters. the common russian name "rattlesnakes" comes from the presence of two genera of north american pit viper (crotalus and sistrurus) rattle at the end of the tail. this rattle is a modified scales, forming a movable segments. kind of "rattling" sound occurs when the collision segments due to tail oscillation.

rattlesnakes are more than 120 species.  they live in many countries of north and south america and asia.  in central asia and the far east lived close to them species of snakes - cottonmouth.

many people think that snakes are so hate the people that, seeing a man throw at him, and if he shall flee from them, then rush after him.  but snakes eat rodents, birds, insects, bird eggs, and not people.  just people they avoid.  most often, when we pass by, the snake hides, hides, not to betray myself.  attacking the same in case of danger, the direct contact.

snakes have no voice in the case of an enemy approaching, when they do not want this meeting, it can not issue a terrible roar, and just not very loud hiss.  and rattlesnakes have learned to use a rattle.  produced it does not cause noise, of course, positive emotions, because i know that he comes from a very poisonous snake.

the most dangerous bites terrible rattlesnake - one name is worth - living in florida and brazil, as well as the bushmaster - the south american snake close to detonating, on the tail of which, instead of rattles, there are several sharpened plates and spike, so it is also called dumb rattlesnake.

in a moment of danger rattlesnake poses as a threat - it stands: her body is minimized with the help of powerful muscles in a tight spring, ready to deploy with terrible force, the tail end of the rolled up in a spiral ring, the center of which is raised vertically rattle-rattle, which publishes a distinct rustling.  at the same time, and the front part of the body is a kind of high column.

with rattle snakes are not born - they grow it.  newborns at the end of the tail there is only one large almost round shield.  rattlesnakes shed, as well as their relatives, most often in the first year - to 6 times.  after each molting snake rattle is added in an additional segment of the horny skin, because it lagged behind the skin can not fully get off the tip of the tail and separated from the skins.  in adulthood it happens about once a year and a half.  crawled between the stones, some snakes accidentally terminated, lose their rattles.  and then gradually increase them again.

for some time before molting becomes cloudy, it becomes opaque cornea eye cover, which protects the lidless eyes of snakes from damage.  temporarily deprived of snakes are guided at that time by means of language, but prefer to hide for as long as the vision is restored.

but even deprived of rattlesnakes can hunt, using a unique body created by nature for their orientation in the dark - termolokator that can detect slightly warmer or colder than the surrounding air, the items other than the temperature just a few tenths of a degree.  similar features have, in addition to rattlesnakes, only certain types of vipers.

teeth snakes serve mainly to capture and hold prey.  the sign is a poisonous snake - the presence of two larger poisonous teeth (usually saber) than others.  inside them, like rattlesnakes, or on the surface, like a cobra, there are channels through which flows the poison used to kill the victim for hunting and for protection during an emergency.  in most cases the poison is extremely dangerous to humans.

as you know, when molting snake sheds its horny topsheet.  also, there is a change and poisonous teeth.  moreover, at this time it continues to be produced in the venom gland, which spreads over the pleats of the gums.  so the snake bite, even if it has at the moment there are no fangs, no less dangerous, as the skin it gets into a person's blood.  sometimes after the bite was observed not two, but four deep wounds and believed that encountered a new type of snake - chetyrehzubaya.  in fact, within one or two days old when his teeth had not yet fallen, and the new have not taken their place, the snake bites at the same time four fangs.  usually the bite are clearly visible two large point-wound - traces of poisonous teeth and two parallel rows of small dots over - traces of non-poisonous teeth.

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