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batman  is a fictional  superhero  appearing in  american comic books  published by  dc comics. the character was created by artist  bob kane  and writer  bill finger,[5][6]  and first appeared in  detective comics  #27 (may 1939). originally named the "bat-man", the character is also referred to by such epithets as the caped crusader, the  dark knight, and the world's greatest detective.[7]

batman's  secret identity  is  bruce wayne, an american  billionaire,  playboy,  philanthropist, and owner of  wayne enterprises. after witnessing the murder of his parents  thomas wayne  and  martha wayne  as a child, he swore vengeance against criminals, an oath tempered by a sense of justice. wayne trains himself physically and intellectually and crafts a  bat-inspired  persona to fight crime.[8]batman operates in the fictional  gotham city, with assistance from various supporting characters, including his butler  alfred, police commissioner  gordon, and vigilante allies such as  robin. unlike most superheroes, batman does not possess any  superpowers; rather, he relies on his genius intellect, physical prowess, martial arts abilities, detective skills, science and technology, vast wealth, intimidation, and indomitable will. a large assortment of villains make up batman's  rogues gallery, including his  archenemy, the  joker.

batman became popular soon after his introduction in 1939 and gained his own comic book title,  batman, the following year. as the decades went on, differing interpretations of the character emerged. the late 1960s  batman  television series used a  camp  aesthetic, which continued to be associated with the character for years after the show ended. various creators worked to return the character to his dark roots, culminating in 1986 with  the dark knight returns  by  frank miller. the success of  warner bros.' live-action  batmanfeature films  have helped maintain the public's interest in the character.[9]

an american cultural icon, batman has been licensed and adapted into a  variety of media, from radio to television and film, and appears on various merchandise sold all over the world, such as toys and video games. the character has also intrigued psychiatrists, with many trying to understand the character's psyche. in 2015,  fansided  ranked batman as number one on their list of "50 greatest super heroes in comic book history",[10]  and batman has placed number one on  ranker's list of "the best comic book superheroes of all time".[11]  in 2011, batman placed second on  ign's "top 100 comic book heroes of all time".[12]  kevin conroy,  bruce greenwood,  peter weller, and  jason o'mara, among others, have provided the character's voice for animated adaptations. batman has been portrayed in both film and television by  lewis wilson,  robert lowery,  adam west,  michael keaton,  val kilmer,  george clooney,  christian bale, andben affleck.