Написать письмо по плану dear (your friend's first name), para 1: opening remarks (hi! how are you? ) para 2 write your news (what your parents/brothers/sisters do; how often) para 3: closing remarks; ask your friend to write back. (have to go write yours, (your first name)

Dear vasya, thank you for your letter. how are you? i am fine. what about your new dog? what your relatives? i very hope you write me back.                                           bye-bye.                                           your lohen

Ever since 1889, when otto von bismarck, prussia's 'iron chancellor', introduced the first (0) state pension  (государственная пенсия),  people have increasingly looked to government to provide (1) pension payments (пенсионные выплаты), health care and protection against poverty — which together are broadly called (2) social insurance (социальное страхование).britain was the first country in the world to have accepted that it is part of the job of government to help any citizen in need and to have set up a (3) welfare state (государство всеобщего благосостояния). before the 20th century, (4) welfare (благосостояние) was considered to be the responsibility of local communities. the 'care' provided was often very poor. an especially hated institution in the 19th century was the workhouse, where (5) the old (старые), (6) ill (больные), mentally handicapped and orphans were sent. people were often treated very badly in workhouses, or given as slaves to equally harsh (7) employers (работодатели). during the first half of the 20th century a number of (8) social benefits (социальные льготы) were introduced. these were a small old-aged pension scheme, partial sickness and (9) a dole (пособие по безработице) conditional on regular (10) dues (взносы) and proof of need. in 1948 the national health service was set up.