1) john and sally (travel) to the farm every summer. 2) john (hates) rainy weather. 3) the barkers (visit) their friends in glasgow. и так далее дайте ответ

топик на по теме:   society / общество

imagine a hospital that, at one time ran smoothly helping the public, now with the primary objection of taking care of the thousands of abandoned infants and children. this is the reality in romania when nicolae ceausescu was in power. in 1966 he created an anti-abortion/contraception law in order to raise the population and achieve his ultimate goal to slowly take over surrounding areas and increase romania’s power. the next plan of action was to open orphanages, which caused an entire generation of mentally and physically handicapped children. now after more than four decades, the question is if they have made enough progression on this horrific issue.

ceausescu’s law included that each family that doesn’t have at least five children can not use birth control or contraception, but most families couldn’t afford to take care of them so they had to turn them over to the government. the combination of being under funded and understaffed caused the children to be neglected and even worse abused. in romania’s many institutions, the ratio of child to caretaker was 1 to 65 until as late as 1990. in any daycare in the united states the ratio for infants is one to four, this is for the safety and constant development of the babies. the effect the small number of staff had on the children is the lack of stimulation. baby’s brains are continuously hungry for stimulation and if there is none then the development is delayed. professor michael rutter did a study on children adopted into england. the first of the three groups was adopted from within the country, the second was adopted from romania before the age of 6 months, the last was adopted from romania after the age of 6 months. he studied the effects on brain progression as a result of institutionalization and the results were shocking.

“when they first arrived in the country as babies, more than half the 165 children he studied showed severe delays in development compared with their british counterparts. but he found that, even at the age of 11, many of these children have not caught up.”

some of the children were physically handicapped as a result of the institution. they would be tied to their cribs, beds or just tied up like an animal. the inability to move made them very weak and eventually was the cause of their disability. in an article in the new york times on the subject they described one scene, “in an adult psychiatric hospital, investigators found some children wrapped head to toe in sheets used as full-body restraints. when the staff agreed to remove the sheet on a 17-year-old girl, the report states, “her skin came off with the sheet, leaving a raw open wound beneath it.”

not only is that illegal but it is also nauseating that people do not feel bad treating another in that manner.

the treatment in the institutions also spread many diseases without the proper medications to treat them. as a result of the malnutrition, some caretakers would inject them with a micro infusion of whole blood everyday to boost immunity. the blood was not screened and there was not enough needles so ironically, the injection to boost immunity is the very cause of many children getting the ultimate immunodeficiency, hiv. 93% of the initial cases were under the age of 13 and by 2000, 60% of europe’s pediatric hiv/aids was registered in romania. the disease spread quickly because of the conditions and became a large problem for the romanian government because of the lack of funds to get the proper medication for them.

there has been some improvements such as new centers opening up and humanizing some of the existing ones. since ceausescu assassination on december 25, 1989, while trying to flee the country, romania has used the money in their budget as well as the money donated to help address the issue. the tragic part is that they do not have enough to dig them out of the deep hole that ceausescu dug for them.

the problem that arose later was the street children of romania. they were either abandoned and learned to live independently on the streets or more commonly they were young adults thrown from the orphanages. the institutions only took kids up to 18 and after that they were told to leave, with no families or anyone to look to for help, they just ended up on the streets. many of them have drug problems such as sniffing glue and metallic paint. the sniffing sooths the hunger pains and makes them happy for the time they are high. this is no such life for them considering they are just entering the adult world.