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08.06.2020 19:15

Английский язык

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Переведите , только в нормальный читаемый текст) in byzantine architecture the principal building material was brick, arranged in decorative patterns or covered in plaster. roofs were either tiled or covered by sheets of lead. from the outside the buildings look rather plain, with austere entrances flanked by blind arcades. the grilled windows are small and were filled in with thin sheets of marble or parchment. richly gained marble was used to cover other parts of the walls and around the base of the piers. the floors were covered with inlaid marble or mosaics. byzantine columns and capitals are easily distinguished from the classical prototypes. many of the capitals are surmounted by a large block of stone, which provides a broad base for the arch above. it was common practice to carve a monogram of the emperor or another rich patron on the capital. the carvings on the capitals were created by deeply incised lines and drilled holes, giving a strongly defined black and white effect. the most popular forms of capital were the basket and the cubical. from a structural point of view the dome is the most important feature of a byzantine church. unlike the roman domes, which were all placed over round openings. byzantine architects developed a system of construction which enabled them to place a dome over a square opening.. this major advance was to have important consequences in renaissance architecture. human figures do not appear in byzantine sculpture. (a prohibition to the same effect is of course to be found in the judaic and islamic traditions.) decorative effects were achieved with scrolls, circles and other geometric forms or by depicting leaves and flowers. wind-blown acanthus leaves were a popular subject.